Influenza and other respiratory viruses
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Influenza Other Respi Viruses · Nov 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers.
We aimed to examine the efficacy of medical masks and respirators in protecting against respiratory infections using pooled data from two homogenous randomised control clinical trials (RCTs). ⋯ The results suggest that the classification of infections into droplet versus airborne transmission is an oversimplification. Most guidelines recommend masks for infections spread by droplets. N95 respirators, as "airborne precautions," provide superior protection for droplet-transmitted infections. To ensure the occupational health and safety of healthcare worker, the superiority of respirators in preventing respiratory infections should be reflected in infection control guidelines.
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Influenza Other Respi Viruses · Nov 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialImmunogenicity and safety of a 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccine in Chinese infants aged 6-35 months: a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I clinical trial.
The goal of this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two different doses of a monovalent split-virion 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine without adjuvant in Chinese infants aged 6-35 months. DESIGN AND SETTING Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a 2009 pandemic (H1N1) vaccine containing 7.5 or 15 μg haemagglutinin (HA) or a seasonal influenza vaccine. 2 doses of the H1N1 vaccines or the seasonal influenza vaccine were given 21 days apart in younger infants aged 6-23 months or older infants aged 24-35 months. ⋯ The 2009 pandemic influenza A /H1N1 vaccine were highly immunogenic in infants aged 6-35 months, and displayed a safety and reactogenicity profile similar to the seasonal influenza vaccine.
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Influenza Other Respi Viruses · Jul 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialFindings from a household randomized controlled trial of hand washing and face masks to reduce influenza transmission in Bangkok, Thailand.
Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce influenza transmission. ⋯ Influenza transmission was not reduced by interventions to promote hand washing and face mask use. This may be attributable to transmission that occurred before the intervention, poor facemask compliance, little difference in hand-washing frequency between study groups, and shared sleeping arrangements. A prospective study design and a careful analysis of sociocultural factors could improve future NPI studies.
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Influenza Other Respi Viruses · May 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialA cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers.
We compared the efficacy of medical masks, N95 respirators (fit tested and non fit tested), in health care workers (HCWs). ⋯ Rates of infection in the medical mask group were double that in the N95 group. A benefit of respirators is suggested but would need to be confirmed by a larger trial, as this study may have been underpowered. The finding on fit testing is specific to the type of respirator used in the study and cannot be generalized to other respirators.