Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Concentration-response relationships for fentanyl and sufentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Concentration-response relationships for sufentanil and fentanyl are undefined in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. ⋯ Serum sufentanil and fentanyl concentrations of 0.71 +/- 0.13 ng/ml and 7.3 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, respectively, are on the steep parts of the concentration-response relationships and facilitate prebypass hemodynamic control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with opioid-isoflurane anesthesia. Concentrations of sufentanil > or = 1.25 +/- 0.21 ng/ml and of fentanyl > or = 13.3 +/- 2.2 ng/ml minimize isoflurane requirements but do not improve hemodynamic control.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Combined intravenous lidocaine and inhaled salbutamol protect against bronchial hyperreactivity more effectively than lidocaine or salbutamol alone.
Airway instrumentation in persons with asthma is linked to the risk of life-threatening bronchospasm. To attenuate the response to airway irritation, intravenous lidocaine is recommended (based on animal experiments) and mitigates the response to histamine inhalation in asthmatic volunteers. However, the effects of lidocaine have not been compared with standard prophylaxis with beta-sympathomimetic aerosols. Therefore, the effect of lidocaine, salbutamol, combined treatment, and placebo control were tested in awake volunteers with bronchial hyperreactivity. ⋯ In volunteers with bronchial hyperreactivity, both lidocaine and salbutamol attenuate the response to an inhalational histamine challenge, and their combined administration has much greater effects than does either drug alone. Accordingly, pretreatment of patients with bronchial hyperreactivity with both beta-mimetic aerosol and intravenous lidocaine is recommended before airway irritation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and fentanyl with respect to the suppression of somatic or hemodynamic responses to skin incision, peritoneum incision, and abdominal wall retraction.
Sufficient propofol or fentanyl doses necessary to prevent the response to skin incision do not necessarily attenuate hemodynamic responses during surgery. The goal of this study was to characterize the pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and fentanyl with respect to the suppression of somatic or hemodynamic responses after three stimuli: skin incision, peritoneum incision, and abdominal wall retraction. ⋯ The anesthesia requirements for stimuli that are more intense than skin incision should be considered during abdominal surgery. Somatic and hemodynamic responses varied depending on the type of surgical stimuli.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A multi-center study of intrathecal neostigmine for analgesia following vaginal hysterectomy.
Intrathecal neostigmine injection produces analgesia in volunteers and reduces hypotension from intrathecal bupivacaine in animals. Initial clinical trials with neostigmine studied doses of more than 100 microg, but animal studies suggest that smaller doses may be effective. In addition, all controlled clinical trials of neostigmine have come from one Brazilian university. This multicenter, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of 25-75 microg intrathecal neostigmine on analgesia and blood pressure in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. ⋯ These data in patients after vaginal hysterectomy suggest that analgesia from intrathecal neostigmine may occur at doses less than 50 microg. In these doses, neostigmine does not reduce spinal bupivacaine-induced hypotension but may increase the need for treatment of nausea.
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Remifentanil blood concentrations necessary for adequate intraoperative anesthesia have not been defined. The goal of this study was to determine the blood concentrations of remifentanil needed for anesthesia with 66% nitrous oxide during intraabdominal surgery. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil and the effects of covariates on both the pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetics were determined. ⋯ The Cb50 differed according to patient gender. However, because surgery type was not specified for each man or woman, this may reflect a difference in surgical procedure.