Anesthesiology
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Comparative Study
Performance characteristics of five new anesthesia ventilators and four intensive care ventilators in pressure-support mode: a comparative bench study.
During the past few years, many manufacturers have introduced new modes of ventilation in anesthesia ventilators, especially partial-pressure modalities. The current bench test study was designed to compare triggering and pressurization of five new anesthesia ventilators with four intensive care unit ventilators. ⋯ Regarding trigger sensitivity and the system's ability to meet inspiratory flow during pressure-supported breaths, the most recent anesthesia ventilators have comparable performances of recent-generation intensive care unit ventilators.
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Local anesthetics exert central nervous system (CNS) toxicity by inhibiting intracerebral neuronal activity, while epinephrine augments the CNS toxicity of intravenously administered local anesthetics. Viewed together, increases of extracellular concentrations of local anesthetics in the brain may be directly associated with increased CNS toxicity. The authors examined the hypothesis that epinephrine enhances the CNS toxicity of lidocaine by increasing the extracellular concentration in the brain. ⋯ Concomitant administration of epinephrine significantly enhanced the CNS toxicity of intravenously administered lidocaine. Increased extracellular concentration in the brain would be related to this mechanism.
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The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of glutamate and reactive oxygen species in sevoflurane-mediated neuroprotection on an in vitro model of ischemia-reoxygenation. ⋯ Sevoflurane had a neuroprotective effect in this in vitro model of ischemia-reoxygenation. This beneficial effect may be explained, at least in part, by sevoflurane-induced antiexcitotoxic properties during OGD, probably depending on GLT1, and by sevoflurane-induced decrease of reactive oxygen species generation during reoxygenation.