Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Fiberoptic oral intubation: the effect of model fidelity on training for transfer to patient care.
Previous studies have indicated that fiberoptic orotracheal intubation (FOI) skills can be learned outside the operating room. The purpose of this study was to determine which of two educational interventions allows learners to gain greater capacity for performing the procedure. ⋯ There was no added benefit from training on a costly virtual reality model with respect to transfer of FOI skills to intraoperative patient care. Second attempts in both groups were significantly better than first attempts. Low-fidelity models for FOI training outside the operating room are an alternative for programs with budgetary constraints.
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Comparative Study
Signaling pathways involved in desflurane-induced postconditioning in human atrial myocardium in vitro.
Isoflurane and sevoflurane have been shown to elicit myocardial postconditioning, but the effect of desflurane remain unknown. The authors studied the mechanisms involved in desflurane-induced myocardial postconditioning. ⋯ In vitro, desflurane postconditioned human atrial myocardium through protein kinase C activation, opening of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.
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Comparative Study
Sex differences in the effect of dyspnea on thermal pain threshold in young healthy subjects.
Previous study has demonstrated that dyspnea exerts inhibitory influence on pain, and empirical research supports the existence of sex differences in pain. To test the hypothesis that the inhibitory influence of dyspnea on the pain sensation may be less in females than in males, the authors investigated the sex differences in the responses of thermal pain threshold to dyspnea in healthy young subjects. ⋯ The inhibitory influence of dyspnea on the pain sensation is less in females than in males, but the sex difference may not be explained by female reproductive hormones alone.
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Comparative Study
Involvement of beta 3-adrenoceptor in altered beta-adrenergic response in senescent heart: role of nitric oxide synthase 1-derived nitric oxide.
In senescent heart, beta-adrenergic response is altered in parallel with beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor down-regulation. A negative inotropic effect of beta3-adrenoceptor could be involved. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that beta3-adrenoceptor plays a role in beta-adrenergic dysfunction in senescent heart. ⋯ In senescent cardiomyopathy, beta3-adrenoceptor overexpression plays an important role in the altered beta-adrenergic response via induction of NOS1-nitric oxide.
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Gabapentin recruits descending inhibition to produce analgesia after nerve injury, but whether this is a local action in the brainstem is unknown. The authors hypothesized that gabapentin activates noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) by a local action. ⋯ These results suggest that gabapentin acts directly in the brainstem via a glutamate-dependent mechanism to stimulate descending inhibition to produce antihypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury.