Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different doses of palonosetron versus placebo in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting over a 72-hour period.
We designed this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of three doses of palonosetron, compared with placebo, on the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in inpatients for 72 h after surgery. ⋯ A single 0.075-mg IV dose of palonosetron effectively reduced the severity of nausea and delayed the time to emesis and treatment failure in the inpatient surgical setting; lower doses were not as effective.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different doses of palonosetron versus placebo for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
In this randomized, double-blind study we assessed the efficacy and safety of three different doses of the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist palonosetron, compared with placebo, on the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for 72 h postsurgery. ⋯ A single 0.075-mg IV dose of palonosetron significantly increased the CR rate (no emetic episodes and no rescue medication) from 0 to 24 h, decreased nausea severity and patients experienced significantly less interference in their postoperative function due to PONV.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2008
Multicenter StudyThe impact of current antiemetic practices on patient outcomes: a prospective study on high-risk patients.
In this prospective, multicenter, observational study, we evaluated the incidence and time course of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), assessed prophylactic and rescue antiemetic use in high-risk patients, and determined population-based effectiveness of antiemetics, including the impact of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses (ASPAN) guideline compliance. ⋯ Administration of three or more prophylactic antiemetics had the most positive impact on emetic outcomes over 72 hrs in patients at risk of developing PONV. Although compliance with organizational PONV management guidelines improved patient outcomes, postoperative emetic symptoms and interference with patient functioning still occurred in more than 30% of these high-risk patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe effects of varying local anesthetic concentration and volume on continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blocks: a dual-center, randomized, controlled study.
It remains unknown whether local anesthetic concentration, or simply total drug dose, is the primary determinant of continuous peripheral nerve block effects. We therefore tested the null hypothesis that providing different concentrations and rates of ropivacaine, but at equal total doses, produces comparable effects when used in a continuous sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa. ⋯ For continuous popliteal-sciatic nerve blocks, local anesthetic concentration and volume influence block characteristics. Insensate limbs were far more common with larger volumes of relatively dilute ropivacaine. During continuous sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa, a relatively concentrated solution in smaller volume thus appears preferable.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyA multiple-day regimen of parecoxib sodium 20 mg twice daily provides pain relief after total hip arthroplasty.
This multicenter, multiple-dose, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of parecoxib sodium (parecoxib) versus placebo after total hip arthroplasty. ⋯ Multiple-day administration of parecoxib 20 mg once or twice daily is effective and generally well tolerated after total hip arthroplasty.