Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2010
Comparative StudyHigh-resolution solid-state manometry of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters during anesthesia induction: a comparison between obese and non-obese patients.
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent decades. The gastrointestinal changes associated with obesity have clinical significance for the anesthesiologist in the perioperative period. The lower esophageal sphincter and the upper esophageal sphincter play a central role in preventing regurgitation and aspiration. The effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure during anesthesia on the lower esophageal sphincter and the upper esophageal sphincter in obese patients are unknown. In the present study we evaluated, with high-resolution solid-state manometry, the upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, and barrier pressure (BrP) (lower esophageal pressure--gastric pressure) in obese patients during anesthesia induction and compared them with pressures in non-obese patients. ⋯ Lower esophageal sphincter and BrPs decreased in both obese and non-obese patients during anesthesia induction, but were significantly lower in obese patients. Although the BrP was significantly lower, it remained positive in all patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialThe addition of fentanyl to local anesthetics affects the quality and duration of cervical plexus block: a randomized, controlled trial.
Cervical plexus block is frequently associated with unsatisfactory sensory blockade. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we examined whether the addition of fentanyl to local anesthetics improves the quality of cervical plexus block in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). ⋯ The addition of fentanyl to local anesthetics improved the quality and prolonged the duration of cervical plexus block in patients undergoing CEA.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2010
ReviewNoninvasive autoregulation monitoring with and without intracranial pressure in the naive piglet brain.
Cerebrovascular autoregulation monitoring is often desirable for critically ill patients in whom intracranial pressure (ICP) is not measured directly. Without ICP, arterial blood pressure (ABP) is a substitute for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) to gauge the constraint of cerebral blood flow across pressure changes. We compared the use of ABP versus CPP to measure autoregulation in a piglet model of arterial hypotension. ⋯ The use of ABP instead of CPP for autoregulation monitoring in the naïve brain with COx results in a higher threshold value to discriminate ABP above from ABP below the LLA. However, accuracy was similar with the 2 methods. These findings support and refine the use of near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor autoregulation in patients without ICP monitors.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jul 2010
Control chart monitoring of the numbers of cases waiting when anesthesiologists do not bring in members of call team.
An anesthesia group staffing agreement with a hospital often specifies the minimum number of operating rooms (ORs) to be covered during evening or weekend hours. Frequently, 1 anesthesiologist works in-house and others take call from home, coming in if multiple cases are waiting to be done. The anesthesiologist in-house sometimes does not bring in colleagues from home when the number of ORs he can supervise is less than the number specified in the agreement with the hospital (i.e., assignment is less than staffing). Queuing occurs even if managers have selected an appropriate number of ORs to be run during evenings and weekends (i.e., the number of cases [jobs] exceeds the number of ORs [identical machines] that are actually run). ⋯ Anesthesiologists sometimes do not notify call team members when cases are waiting and the number of ORs running is less than allocated. The number of cases waiting, rather than the amount of waiting, is more appropriate for monitoring trends over time. Simple Shewhart charts can be used for monitoring contractually specified staffing.