Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Nov 2023
ReviewOptimal use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis to improve survival in cancer patients receiving treatment : An expert view.
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a relatively common complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can prevent FN and chemotherapy dose delays and enable the use of the higher dose intensities associated with a survival benefit; however, G‑CSF is not always used optimally. Five medical oncologists with a special interest in supportive care met to discuss the evidence for prophylaxis with G‑CSF to improve survival in cancer patients, identify reasons why this is not always done, and suggest potential solutions. The dose intensity of chemotherapy is critical for maximizing survival in cancer patients but may be reduced as a result of hematological toxicity, such as FN. Use of G‑CSF has been shown to increase the chances of achieving the planned dose intensity in various cancers, including early-stage breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. All physicians treating cancer patients should consider the use of G‑CSF prophylaxis in patients receiving chemotherapy, paying particular attention to patient-related risk factors. ⋯ Strategies to optimize G‑CSF use include educating medical oncologists and pharmacists on the appropriate use of G‑CSF and informing patients about the efficacy of G‑CSF and its potential adverse effects. It is hoped that the evidence and opinions presented will help to encourage appropriate use of G‑CSF to support cancer patients at risk of FN in achieving the best possible outcomes from chemotherapy.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Nov 2023
Construction of a prognostic risk model for Stomach adenocarcinoma based on endoplasmic reticulum stress genes.
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is caused by malignant transformation of gastric glandular cells and is characterized by a high incidence rate and a poor prognosis. This study was designed to establish a prognostic risk model for STAD according to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress feature genes as cancer cells are susceptible to ER stress. ⋯ The STAD could be divided into three subgroups, and the 12-gene model constructed by ER stress signatures had a good prognostic performance for STAD patients.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Nov 2023
Does cannabis elevate cancer risk? : Evidence from Mendelian randomization.
Cannabis use is increasing annually but the relationship between cannabis use and cancer incidence is not uniform because of confounding factors. We aimed to assess the effect of cannabis use on cancer risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. ⋯ Large MR analyses suggest that lifetime cannabis use may reduce breast cancer risk, but cannabis use disorder exacerbates the risk of breast and lung cancer. The mechanisms responsible for this outcome remain to be investigated.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Nov 2023
Outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with VV-ECMO in Tyrol during the pandemic.
A small percentage of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) showed severe respiratory deterioration requiring treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). During the pandemic surges availability of ECMO devices was limited and resources had to be used wisely. The aim of this analysis was to determine the incidence and outcome of venovenous (VV) ECMO patients in Tyrol, when criteria based on the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) guidelines for VV-ECMO initiation were established. ⋯ Despite a rapidly increased demand and the resulting requirement to initiate an additional ECMO center, we could demonstrate that a structured approach with interdisciplinary collaboration resulted in favorable survival rates similar to multinational reports.