Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Oct 2021
ReviewDeterminants of health and well-being in adolescents : Review of sex differences with a focus on boys.
A wide variety of variables determine health and well-being in adolescence. How these variables may differ in relation to gender or sex is often not clear. In addition, research on sex differences often focuses on females rather than males. ⋯ We found sex differences in three categories: clinical symptoms, health and well-being, and risk behavior. The results show a variety of determinants that lead to sex differences in health outcomes, such as peer relations, social economic status, physical activity and coping styles. Strengths and limitations of the literature and implications for future research are discussed.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Oct 2021
Individual cognitive changes in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using the reliable change index methodology.
The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be assessed using the neuropsychological test battery Vienna (NTBV). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the NTBV test scores of a diagnostic group have changed significantly over time and whether this change is due to disease progression. ⋯ The results reflect the cognitive deterioration of patients during the disease progression. Nevertheless, improvements in diagnostic groups could be detected. The significantly positive changes might be due to practice effects, also a lack of motivation or attention in the first test could have yielded "improvement" in the retest.
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Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common in the general population, affects the quality of life (QoL), and is suspected to cause depression. Long-term outcome data are lacking and there is a need to improve patient counselling regarding prognosis. We aimed to assess subjective long-term recovery rates, the QoL, and mood disturbance in a group of 65 patients, who were affected with OD. ⋯ Despite negative effects of OD on certain activities in daily life, such as cooking, detecting spoiled food, or personal hygiene, it seems that the patients included in this study adapted to the OD in the long-term. The current findings should aid clinicians in patient counselling.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Oct 2021
Observational StudyLow dose intravenous immunoglobulin in addition to cyclophosphamide in systemic sclerosis : Single centre experience.
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic disease characterized by pathologic collagen deposits in the skin and internal organs. Although it is considered to be an autoimmune disease, immunosuppressants have a limited effect on severe SSc. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have shown favorable effects in patients with SSc by suppressing the action of profibrotic cytokines, so they could have additional effect on standard treatment such as cyclophosphamide (CYC). This article presents the immunomodulatory effect of low-dose IVIG in addition to CYC in the treatment of severe SSc in this center during the last 9 years. ⋯ The results of the study suggest that IVIG may be an additional treatment option together with CYC for patients for whom other therapies have failed, but further studies on the exact role of IVIG in the treatment of severe SSc are required.