Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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The most frequent conditions of hypergastrinemia in man are the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with autonomous gastrin hypersecretion by the tumour cell and reactive hypergastrinemia in type A autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis with achlorhydria causing unrestrained gastrin release from the gastrin-producing antral G-cells. Both entities differ with respect to the pH in the gastric fluid, which is < 2 in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and neutral in type A gastritis. Other conditions with moderate hypergastrinemia as treatment with proton pump inhibitors, gastric outlet obstruction, previous vagotomy, chronic renal failure or short bowel syndrome are of minor clinical importance.
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In addition to paCO(2), Stewart's acid base model takes into account the influence of albumin, inorganic phosphate, electrolytes and lactate on acid-base equilibrium. It allows a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of acid-base disorders. ⋯ Stewart's approach is therefore a valuable tool in addition to the customary acid-base approach based on bicarbonate or base excess. However, some chemical aspects of Stewart's approach remain controversial.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Review Meta AnalysisGenetics of suicide: a systematic review of twin studies.
Convergent evidence from a multitude of research designs (adoption, family, genomescan, geographical, immigrant, molecular genetic, surname, and twin studies of suicide) suggests genetic contributions to suicide risk. The present account provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the twin studies on this topic. ⋯ The totality of evidence from twin studies of suicide strongly suggests genetic contributions to liability for suicidal behavior. To further research progress in this area, an extensive discussion of design limitations, shortcomings of the literature and further points is provided, including sources of bias, gaps in the literature, errors in previous reviews, age and sex effects and twin-singleton differences in suicide risk, and notes from a history-of-science view.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Review Meta AnalysisGenetics of suicide: a systematic review of twin studies.
Convergent evidence from a multitude of research designs (adoption, family, genomescan, geographical, immigrant, molecular genetic, surname, and twin studies of suicide) suggests genetic contributions to suicide risk. The present account provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the twin studies on this topic. ⋯ The totality of evidence from twin studies of suicide strongly suggests genetic contributions to liability for suicidal behavior. To further research progress in this area, an extensive discussion of design limitations, shortcomings of the literature and further points is provided, including sources of bias, gaps in the literature, errors in previous reviews, age and sex effects and twin-singleton differences in suicide risk, and notes from a history-of-science view.