Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
-
Since January 1997 the first insulin analogue, lispro has been approved for clinical use in Austria. Insulin lispro has a more rapid onset of action than regular insulin and can therefore be injected immediately before the meal, providing increased therapeutic flexibility for the patients. In many studies a slight decrease in frequency of hypoglycaemic attacks was reported. ⋯ No data have been published as yet on the use of insulin lispro in children under 10 years of age and during pregnancy. Potential advantages and disadvantages of insulin lispro therapy, as well as individual factors pertaining to the patient must be taken into consideration on planing treatment with this new insulin analogue. Patients should be well informed about the different action profile of insulin lispro, especially with regard to exercise.
-
Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Nov 1997
Review[Diagnosis and therapy of cervical intraepithelial dysplasia in Austria: a survey].
To assess the present state of diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Austria. ⋯ We regard the results of this survey as a basis for the development of further quality management strategies in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Austria.
-
The electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter (symporter) is the major HCO3- transporter of the renal proximal tubule (PiT), located at the basolateral membrane (BLM), and also plays a noteworthy role in Na+ reabsorption. HCO3 transporters are important for regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in most cells and also thereby regulate blood pH. This electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter was first discovered using perfused Ambystoma tigrinum (salamander) renal, proximal tubules. ⋯ In aNBC-expressing oocytes, adding CO2/HCO3-elicited a large (> 50mV) and rapid hyperpolarization, followed by a partial relaxation as pHi stabilized. Na+ removal in CO2/HCO3-depolarized the cell by > 40mV and decreased pHi, aNBC encodes a protein of 1035 amino acids with several putative membrane-spanning domains, and has a low level of amino-acid homology (approximately 30% to the AE family of Cl-HCO3 exchangers. aNBC is the first member of a new family of Na(+)-linked HCO3- transporters and, together with the AE family, defines a new superfamily of HCO3- transporters. Using aNBC to screen a rat-kidney cDNA library, we identified a full-length cDNA clone (rNBC), rNBC encodes a protein of 1035 amino acids, is 86% identical to aNBC, and can be functionally expressed in oocytes.
-
Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · May 1997
Review[Systemic inflammatory reactions to extracorporeal therapy measures (II): Cardiopulmonary bypass].
About 65,000 cardiac patients undergo surgery annually in Germany with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass. The "post pump inflammatory response" (the systemic and myocardial inflammatory response syndrome post cardiac surgery), triggered at least in part by the cardiopulmonary bypass, contributes substantially towards morbidity (e.g., myocardial depression) and mortality in these patients. ⋯ Scoring systems and measurements of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, allow the early detection of an "escalating inflammatory response" in 2-10% of all patients, which is associated with a worse prognosis. Therapeutic attempts to suppress these systemic and myocardial inflammatory reactions focus on blockade of the complement system, coating of CPB membranes with heparin, leucocyte depletion and attenuation of leucocyte function, elimination of toxins and mediators by means of hemofiltration, as well as on the administration of antiproteases, antioxidants, oxygen radical scavengers and also of immune globulins.