Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Lifestyle: physical activity and training as prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].
Lifestyle, in general and particularly regular physical activity, is known to be an important component in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes. To gain substantial health benefits, a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week should be performed. Additionally, inactivity should be recognized as health hazard and prolonged episodes of sitting should be avoided. ⋯ Standardized, regional and supervised exercise classes are well known to be attractive for adults to reach a sufficient level of health enhancing physical activity. Additionally, based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription, the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care. Unfortunately, the implementation of booth-local exercise classes and advisers is missing so far.
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The practice recommendation is intended to supplement the existing guidelines on diabetes mellitus and provides practical recommendations for the diagnosis, therapy and care of people with diabetes mellitus who come from different linguistic and cultural back-grounds. The article deals with the demographic datas of migration in Austria and Germany; with therapeutic advice concerning drug therapy and diabetes education for patients with migration background. ⋯ Especially for the fast months Ramadan thera are a lot of informations. The most important point is that the patient care must highly individualized and the management plan may differ for each patient.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diabetic eye disease (Update 2023)].
Diabetes mellitus can cause diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, optic neuropathy, cataract or dysfunction of the eye muscles. The incidence of these disorders correlates with disease duration and quality of metabolic control. Regular ophthalmological examinations are needed to prevent sight-threatening advanced stages of diabetic eye diseases.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and heart disease (Update 2023)].
Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and heart failure are interacting dynamically. Patients being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease should be screened for diabetes mellitus. Enhanced cardiovascular risk stratification based on biomarkers, symptoms and classical risk factors should be performed in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus. In patients with previously diagnosed arterosclerotic cardiovascular disease an agent proven to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events or cardiovascular mortality is recommended.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Treatment of acute diabetic metabolic crises in adults (Update 2023) : Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and ketoacidotic metabolic disorder].
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) represent potentially life-threatening situations in adults. Therefore, rapid comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic measures with close monitoring of vital and laboratory parameters are required. ⋯ Regular insulin or rapid acting insulin analogues can be initially administered as an i.v. bolus followed by continuous infusion. Insulin should be switched to subcutaneous injections only after correction of the acidosis and stable glucose concentrations within an acceptable range.