Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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The past few years have seen significant progress towards understanding the mechanisms of immune surveillance and inflammation in the nervous system. In this review, the milestones of scientific discovery in this field are discussed, and the strengths and limitations of the different ways of examining the molecular pathogenesis of neuro-inflammation examined. The review is limited to the inflammatory reactions of the central nervous system that occur in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2003
Apolipoprotein E genotypes and outcome from out of hospital cardiac arrest.
Genetic factors may influence outcome from cardiac arrest. In Seattle, WA, paramedics collected blood specimens from patients who had suffered cardiac arrest outside of a medical institution (out of hospital cardiac arrest). ⋯ Specifically, having one or two alleles of APOE epsilon4 or having APOE epsilon3/epsilon3 was not related to outcome, even after controlling for age, sex, race, and initial rhythm. We failed to confirm previous studies and found no significant associations between APOE genotype and outcome from out of hospital cardiac arrest.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2003
Case Reports"Bottom-up" and "top-down" effects on reading saccades: a case study.
To investigate the role right foveal/parafoveal sparing plays in reading single words, word arrays, and eye movement patterns in a single case with an incongruous hemianopia. ⋯ The presence of a word length effect (typically associated with pure alexia) can be caused by a macular splitting hemianopia. Right parafoveal vision is not critically involved in single word identification, but is when planning left to right reading saccades. The influence of top-down attentional processes during text reading can be visualised in parafoveal V1 using PET.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2003
Enterovirus related metabolic myopathy: a postviral fatigue syndrome.
To detect and characterise enterovirus RNA in skeletal muscle from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to compare efficiency of muscle energy metabolism in enterovirus positive and negative CFS patients. ⋯ There is an association between abnormal lactate response to exercise, reflecting impaired muscle energy metabolism, and the presence of enterovirus sequences in muscle in a proportion of CFS patients.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2003
Review Case ReportsChronic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor in multiple sclerosis: review and case reports.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a non-ablative alternative to thalamotomy for the surgical treatment of medically refractory tremor in multiple sclerosis. However, relatively few outcomes have been reported. ⋯ Few of the studies reviewed used highly standardised quantitative outcome measures, and follow up periods were generally one year or less. Nonetheless, the data suggest that chronic DBS often produces improved tremor control in multiple sclerosis. Complete cessation of tremor is not necessarily achieved, there are cases in which tremor control decreases over time, and frequent reprogramming appears to be necessary.