Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2014
ReviewDepression in glioma: a primer for clinicians and researchers.
Depression is one of the leading causes of global disability, and a considerable hidden morbidity among patients with glioma. In this narrative review, we summarise what is currently known about depression in glioma, the main unanswered questions and the types of studies that should be prioritised in order to find out. We conclude by calling for a prospective Phase II study of antidepressants in depressed glioma patients, to test methodologies for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2014
Review Meta AnalysisScreening for poststroke major depression: a meta-analysis of diagnostic validity studies.
Major depression is common in stroke patients and associated with increased rates of disability and mortality. Identifying depression may improve mental and physical health. The aim of this review was to determine the most accurate tool for detecting poststroke depression. ⋯ There are a number of possible instruments that may help in screening for poststroke depression but none are satisfactory for case-finding. Preliminary data suggests the CESD, HDRS or the PHQ-9 as the most promising options. Although it should be noted such scales should not be used in isolation but followed up with a more detailed clinical assessment. While there is promising data for the PHQ-2 in other populations, it performed less well than other measures.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2014
ReviewThe value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review.
Experts in the field of conversion disorder have suggested for the upcoming DSM-V edition to put less weight on the associated psychological factors and to emphasise the role of clinical findings. Indeed, a critical step in reaching a diagnosis of conversion disorder is careful bedside neurological examination, aimed at excluding organic signs and identifying 'positive' signs suggestive of a functional disorder. These positive signs are well known to all trained neurologists but their validity is still not established. ⋯ Eleven controlled studies (out of 147 eligible articles) describing 14 signs (7 motor, 5 sensory, 2 gait) reported low sensitivity of 8-100% but high specificity of 92-100%. Studies were evidence class III, only two had a blinded design and none reported on inter-rater reliability of the signs. Clinical signs for functional neurological symptoms are numerous but only 14 have been validated; overall they have low sensitivity but high specificity and their use should thus be recommended, especially with the introduction of the new DSM-V criteria.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2014
ReviewThe value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review.
Experts in the field of conversion disorder have suggested for the upcoming DSM-V edition to put less weight on the associated psychological factors and to emphasise the role of clinical findings. Indeed, a critical step in reaching a diagnosis of conversion disorder is careful bedside neurological examination, aimed at excluding organic signs and identifying 'positive' signs suggestive of a functional disorder. These positive signs are well known to all trained neurologists but their validity is still not established. ⋯ Eleven controlled studies (out of 147 eligible articles) describing 14 signs (7 motor, 5 sensory, 2 gait) reported low sensitivity of 8-100% but high specificity of 92-100%. Studies were evidence class III, only two had a blinded design and none reported on inter-rater reliability of the signs. Clinical signs for functional neurological symptoms are numerous but only 14 have been validated; overall they have low sensitivity but high specificity and their use should thus be recommended, especially with the introduction of the new DSM-V criteria.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2014
ReviewDiagnosis and management of Marchiafava-Bignami disease: a review of CT/MRI confirmed cases.
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare condition mainly associated with alcoholism, although it may be mimicked by several other disorders that cause corpus callosum lesions. Our objective was to identify helpful features for differential diagnosis and assess whether any treatment can be recommended. ⋯ As thiamine deficiency is frequently associated with alcoholism, malnutrition and prolonged vomiting; we recommend prompt treatment of MBD with parenteral thiamine in such subjects. Recovery should be followed by repeated neuropsychological and MRI examinations, preferably using diffusion tensor imaging.