Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2016
Sialylated IgG-Fc: a novel biomarker of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Sialylation in Fc portion of IgG plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the working mechanism of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We aim to test whether IgG-Fc sialylation is a biomarker of disease activity for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). ⋯ Sialylation of IgG-Fc is reduced in CIDP. Its level correlated with clinical severity and increased after IVIG treatment. Sialylated as well as ratio of sialylated/agalactosylated IgG-Fc could be new measures to monitor the disease severity and treatment status in CIDP.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2016
Cerebrovascular injury as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
To use an unbiased method to test a previously reported association between cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolisation and the subsequent development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ⋯ Cerebrovascular injury from a variety of causes, rather than the presence of AVM or the associated embolisation procedure per se, may be a risk factor for ALS within the context of a more complex multiple-hit model of pathogenesis.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2016
ReviewWhat do patients with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) have? New evidence and continuing controversies.
The term SWEDD (scans without evidence for dopaminergic deficit) refers to the absence, rather than the presence, of an imaging abnormality in patients clinically presumed to have Parkinson's disease (PD). However, such a term has since been widely used in the medical literature, even as a diagnostic label. While many authors have suggested that different disorders of PD lookalikes may account for a proportion of SWEDD cases, others have claimed that some of them may have a benign subtype of PD. ⋯ It becomes clear from this systematic review that while most 'SWEDD' cases are due to a clinical misdiagnosis of PD, there exists a small proportion of patients with SWEDD who may have PD on the basis of a positive levodopa response, clinical progression, imaging and/or genetic evidence. The latter challenge the seemingly incontrovertible relationship between dopaminergic tracer binding and the diagnosis of nigrostriatal parkinsonism, particularly PD. Patients with SWEDD are unlikely to reflect a single clinical entity and we suggest that the term SWEDD should be abandoned.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2016
The identification of cognitive subtypes in Alzheimer's disease dementia using latent class analysis.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with complex underlying neuropathology that is still not completely understood. For better understanding of this heterogeneity, we aimed to identify cognitive subtypes using latent class analysis (LCA) in a large sample of patients with AD dementia. In addition, we explored the relationship between the identified cognitive subtypes, and their demographical and neurobiological characteristics. ⋯ Using LCA, we identified eight distinct cognitive subtypes in a large sample of patients with AD dementia. Cognitive clusters were associated with distinct demographical and neurobiological characteristics.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2016
Identification of novel biomarkers for Parkinson's disease by metabolomic technologies.
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Metabolomics can shed light on alterations in metabolic pathways in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the candidate metabolic pathway(s) associated with PD. ⋯ Metabolomic analysis detected biomarkers associated with PD pathogenesis and disease progression. Since critical metabolic biomarkers need to be identified in PD, future studies should include assay validation and replication in independent cohorts.