Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2018
ReviewAnti-inflammatory approaches to ischaemic stroke prevention.
Stroke is a major cause of neurological morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to first and recurrent stroke. ⋯ In this review, we summarise the evidence linking inflammation to stroke risk and discuss clinical trials addressing the 'inflammation hypothesis' in coronary disease and stroke. Trial registration number CONVINCE trial ClinicalTrials.gov number; NCT 02898610; Pre-results.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2018
ReviewRecent advances in neuropathology, biomarkers and therapeutic approach of multiple system atrophy.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a variable combination of autonomic failure, levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal symptoms. The pathological hallmark is the oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) consisting of α-synuclein; therefore, MSA is included in the category of α-synucleinopathies. MSA has been divided into two clinicopathological subtypes: MSA with predominant parkinsonism and MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia, which generally correlate with striatonigral degeneration and olivopontocerebellar atrophy, respectively. ⋯ Cognitive impairment, which has been a non-supporting feature of MSA, is considered from both clinical and pathological perspectives. The cellular origin of α-synuclein in GCI and a 'prion hypothesis' are discussed. Finally, completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting disease modification, including immunotherapy, are summarised.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2018
ReviewAutologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases.
Neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and myasthenia gravis are leading causes of physical disability in people of working age. In the last decades significant therapeutic advances have been made that can ameliorate the disease course. Nevertheless, many affected will continue to deteriorate despite treatment, and the costs associated with disease-modifying drugs constitute a significant fiscal burden on healthcare in developed countries. ⋯ Available data suggest that autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is superior to conventional treatment in terms of efficacy with an acceptable safety profile. A smaller number of patients with other neuroinflammatory conditions have been treated with promising results. Herein, current data on clinical effect and safety of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neurological disease are reviewed.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2018
Review Meta AnalysisStriatal molecular alterations in HD gene carriers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of PET studies.
Over the past years, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have investigated striatal molecular changes in premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD) gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), but they have yielded inconsistent results. ⋯ PET imaging has the potential to detect striatal molecular changes even at the early premanifest stage of HD, which are relevant to the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of the disease.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Feb 2018
Review Meta AnalysisStriatal molecular alterations in HD gene carriers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of PET studies.
Over the past years, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have investigated striatal molecular changes in premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD) gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), but they have yielded inconsistent results. ⋯ PET imaging has the potential to detect striatal molecular changes even at the early premanifest stage of HD, which are relevant to the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of the disease.