Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2025
ReviewFunctional pathology of neuroleptic-induced dystonia based on the striatal striosome-matrix dopamine system in humans.
Neuroleptic-induced dystonia is a source of great concern in clinical practice because of its iatrogenic nature which can potentially lead to life-threatening conditions. Since all neuroleptics (antipsychotics) share the ability to block the dopamine D2-type receptors (D2Rs) that are highly enriched in the striatum, this drug-induced dystonia is thought to be caused by decreased striatal D2R activity. However, how associations of striatal D2R inactivation with dystonia are formed remains elusive. ⋯ The article proposes a functional pathology of the striosome-matrix dopamine system for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or neuroleptic-withdrawal dystonia. A rationale for the effectiveness of dopaminergic or cholinergic pharmacotherapy is also provided for treating dystonias. This narrative review covers various aspects of the relevant field and provides a detailed discussion of the mechanisms of neuroleptic-induced dystonia.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2025
Multicenter StudyAssociation between heavy alcohol consumption and cryptogenic ischaemic stroke in young adults: a case-control study.
The underlying risk factors for young-onset cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (CIS) remain unclear. This multicentre study aimed to explore the association between heavy alcohol consumption and CIS with subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age. ⋯ Heavy alcohol consumption, particularly binge drinking, appears to be an independent risk factor in young men with CIS.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2025
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyMeasurement properties of the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale.
To evaluate the validity, reliability, responsiveness and meaningful change threshold of the Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) Functional Rating Scale (FRS). ⋯ When administered by trained raters, the IBMFRS is a reliable, valid and responsive tool that can be used to evaluate the impact of IBM and its treatment on physical function, with a 2-point reduction representing meaningful decline.
-
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jan 2025
Meta AnalysisDirectional deep brain stimulation electrodes in Parkinson's disease: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature.
Since their introduction in 2015, directional leads have practically replaced conventional leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the benefits of directional DBS (dDBS) over omnidirectional DBS (oDBS) remain unclear. This meta-analysis and systematic review compares the literature on dDBS and oDBS for PD. ⋯ CRD42023438056.