JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effects of initiating insulin and metformin on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes: the LANCET randomized trial.
As diabetes is in part an inflammatory condition, the initiation of insulin and/or metformin may beneficially reduce levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). ⋯ In patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes, treatment with insulin or metformin compared with placebo did not reduce inflammatory biomarker levels despite improving glucose control.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial.
In previous smaller trials, a procalcitonin (PCT) algorithm reduced antibiotic use in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). ⋯ In patients with LRTIs, a strategy of PCT guidance compared with standard guidelines resulted in similar rates of adverse outcomes, as well as lower rates of antibiotic exposure and antibiotic-associated adverse effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effects of donor pretreatment with dopamine on graft function after kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial.
Kidney graft function after transplantation can be improved through pharmacological donor pretreatment to limit organ injury from cold preservation. ⋯ Donor pretreatment with low-dose dopamine reduces the need for dialysis after kidney transplantation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Immediate vs delayed intervention for acute coronary syndromes: a randomized clinical trial.
International guidelines recommend an early invasive strategy for patients with high-risk acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation, but the optimal timing of intervention is uncertain. ⋯ In patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation, a strategy of immediate intervention compared with a strategy of intervention deferred to the next working day (mean, 21 hours) did not result in a difference in myocardial infarction as defined by peak troponin level.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control on overall mortality in Ethiopian children: a randomized trial.
Mass oral azithromycin distribution to affected communities is a cornerstone of the World Health Organization's trachoma elimination program. Antibiotics are provided to target the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma, but may also be efficacious against respiratory disease, diarrhea, and malaria--frequent causes of childhood mortality in trachoma-endemic areas. ⋯ In a trachoma-endemic area, mass distribution of oral azithromycin was associated with reduced mortality in children.