Applied optics
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In this paper, we use Gaussian brackets and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to design a 20× four-group zoom lens with a focus tunable lens and two moving groups. This method uses Gaussian brackets to derive the paraxial design equations of the zoom lens and determine the lens parameters. In the optimization stage, we define an objective function as a performance indicator to optimize its first-order design and implement the PSO algorithm in MATLAB to find its global optimal first-order design. ⋯ This method solves the difficulty of solving the initial structure of the zoom. Compared with traditional trial and error, the calculation speed is faster, the accuracy is higher, and it does not rely on the initial value. The results show that this method is suitable for the first-order design of complex optical systems.
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In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust approach to retrieve an optimal first-order design of a double-sided telecentric zoom lens based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this method, the design problem is transformed to realize a zoom system with fixed positions of both the front focal point and the rear focal point during zooming. Equations are derived for the paraxial design of the basic parameters of a three-component zoom lens in the framework of geometrical optics. ⋯ Furthermore, a compact initial design of a three-component 2X zoom system with two fixed foci is proposed. Based on the initial design data, a double-sided telecentric zoom system is developed. The result shows the great potential of our proposed method in retrieving proper initial designs of complex optical systems.
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An analysis and a description of methods for a paraxial design of rifle scopes with a four-element image-erecting zoom system is performed. It is described a method of the calculation of basic design parameters of the rifle scope with the four-element image-erecting zoom system, where two inner elements are movable for ensuring zooming of the rifle scope. ⋯ The method of the initial paraxial design is demonstrated on two examples of the calculation of the basic rifle scope design parameters. The calculated parameters from proposed methods can be used in the aberration analysis and the optimization of the rifle scope parameters in optical design software.
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We performed an illumination simulation, wave-optical simulation, and experiment on a zoom homogenizer and conventional beam homogenizer. The wave-optical simulation was performed for each lenslet using the shifted angular spectrum method for effective memory use. ⋯ The uniformity and peak effect of the beam homogenizer were 16.57% and 16.63%, respectively, but those of the zoom homogenizer were 7.15% and 1.46%, respectively. The illumination field generated by the zoom homogenizer had a higher uniformity and lower peak effect at all zoom positions than the conventional one.
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This work performs a paraxial analysis of the double-sided telecentric zoom lens consisting of four tunable lenses with fixed distance between the object and image plane. Equations enabling calculation of paraxial parameters of such optical systems are derived and the calculation is presented on examples. To our knowledge the presented analysis is novel and such optical systems have not been investigated yet.