Neuroscience
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A mother's exposure to immune challenge during pregnancy is well known to be a detrimental factor to the development of the offspring's brain and an impetus for neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies have shown that these adverse events can dysregulate the stress response machinery. Two crucial components of the stress axis considered to be affected have been targets in these studies: the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and FKBP5 which regulates GR activity. ⋯ RT-qPCR analysis of MIA's effect on GR yielded insignificant results. However, we found that EE increased GR expression in the medial preoptic area which could be indicative of a positive regulation by EE. This study provides evidence of the impact of both gestational insult and EE on the regulation of stress responsive genes in the developing brain.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are nonlinear and non-stationary sequences that carry much information. However, physiological signals from other body regions may readily interfere with EEG signal capture, having a significant unfavorable influence on subsequent analysis. Therefore, signal denoising is a crucial step in EEG signal processing. ⋯ We compared the proposed model with a fully connected network (FCNN), the one-dimensional residual convolutional neural network (1D-ResCNN), and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The experimental results show that the proposed model can reconstruct a clear EEG waveform with a decent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) value. This study demonstrates the potential of BG-Attention in the pre-processing phase of EEG experiments, which has significant implications for medical technology and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
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Sleep loss, either induced by obstructive sleep apnea or other forms of sleep dysfunction, induces an inflammatory response, as commonly measured by increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation regulates this peripheral inflammation. However, the role that catecholamines play in mediating neuroinflammation from sleep perturbations is undescribed. ⋯ Effects of chronic SF were more pronounced than acute SF, and 1 week of recovery was not sufficient to alleviate neuroinflammation. Importantly, 6-OHDA treatment significantly alleviated SF-induced inflammation and microglial responses. This study provides evidence of SNS regulation of neural inflammation from SF, suggesting a potential role for therapeutics that could mitigate neuroinflammatory responses to sleep dysfunction.
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Intelligence is the ability to recognize and understand objective things, and use knowledge and experience to solve problems. Highly intelligent people show the ability to switch between different thought patterns and shift their mental focus. This suggests a link between intelligence and the dynamic interaction of brain networks. ⋯ High variability in these areas indicates flexible connectivity patterns, which may contribute to cognitive processes such as attention selection. In addition, performance intelligence was related to greater temporal variability in the functional connectivity patterns of the salience network. Thus, this study revealed a close relationship between performance intelligence and high variability in brain networks involved in attentional choice, spatial orientation, and cognitive control.
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Review
The beneficial role of SIRT1 in preventive or therapeutic options of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase that modify the gene expression through histone deacetylation. SIRT1 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of physiological processes by adjustment multiple mechanisms through the deacetylation of multiple substrates. ⋯ Its basic pathogenesis is filamentous tangles and amyloid deposits, such as Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau protein, α-synuclein, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). This summarizes introduces the structure and function of SIRT1, and then analyzes the protective effects of SIRT1 on neurological diseases by regulating circadian rhythm, aging, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation related pathways.