Spine
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Review article. ⋯ Congenital vertebral anomalies invariably result from disturbed asymmetric growth and can have serious consequences.
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A retrospective clinical review. ⋯ Spinal surgeons taking care of children with congenital spine deformities need to be trained in all aspects of modern spinal instrumentation.
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Review Case Reports
Traumatic posterior lumbosacral spondyloptosis in a six-year-old: a case report and review of the literature.
Report of a traumatic posterior lumbosacral spondyloptosis in a 6-year-old. ⋯ Traumatic retrolisthesis of the lumbosacral spine is extremely rare, especially in children. We believe shear force while sitting is the key traumatic factor. We believe a simple posterior fusion with posterolateral grafting is sufficient to stabilize the spine in children. Extensive soft tissue damage causes an elevated risk of infection. Because of root avulsion, the level of paralysis can be several levels higher than the level of dislocation.
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To review diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic factors implicated in the development of progressive scoliosis. ⋯ Surveillance MRI should be undertaken for scoliosis when there are clinical indications consistent for a tethered cord, spinal cord tumor, or Chiari malformation and associated syringomyelia.
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We reviewed three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of congenital spinal deformities and proposed a new classification based on the information obtained. ⋯ The large volume of information that can be obtained by evaluating 3D CT images of congenitally deformed vertebrae can be a great help in developing a strategy for surgical treatment. We need to develop a new classification of congenital scoliosis based on the perspective of 3D imaging to understand the etiology and embryology, as well as to determine an operative strategy.