Spine
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Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database. ⋯ 3.
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Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. ⋯ 3.
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A prospective comparative study. ⋯ Age-related and degenerative changes in the cervical spine, alignment, and ROM in each decade of life were established between CSM patients and asymptomatic subjects.
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Multicenter retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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A prospective study with randomized and observational cohorts. ⋯ Patients with worse PROs, more back pain, more back and leg pain with ambulation, and larger lumbar Cobb angles are more inclined to select surgical over nonsurgical management.