Spine
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Systematic review and meta-analysis. ⋯ 3.
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Comparative Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Pain Program for Chronic Low Back Pain, Compared to Physical Therapy Alone.
This is an observational cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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A retrospective study. ⋯ 4.
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MINI: On magnetic resonance imaging, indirect decompression using lateral lumbar interbody fusion and posterior fixation was confirmed immediately after surgery and also continuously progressed after surgery, particularly during the first 6 months. Thecal sac enlargement was also confirmed, and is suspected to be caused by the atrophy of the ligamentum flavum and the disc.