Spine
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Prospective cohort study. ⋯ 1.
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Retrospective analysis. ⋯ 3.
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The enhanced perioperative care (EPOC) program is an institutional quality improvement initiative. We used a historically controlled study design to evaluate patients who underwent major spine surgery before and after the implementation of the EPOC program. ⋯ 3.
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Cross-sectional cohort study of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and matched controls. ⋯ 4.