AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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We review the basics of functional renal imaging and highlight a few clinical applications. ⋯ Techniques such as contrast-enhanced MR renography, diffusion-weighted imaging, and blood oxygen level-dependent MRI have been investigated in animal models and in a few human studies. Functional renal imaging is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to provide new insight into the pathophysiology of renal disease.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Apr 2009
ReviewWhole-body MRI and FDG PET fused images for evaluation of patients with cancer.
The purpose of this article is to illustrate the feasibility of fused whole-body MRI and PET for the evaluation of patients with cancer. ⋯ MRI has proven to be superior to CT for studying several regions of the body, and PET FDG has become an established diagnostic tool in oncology. Because FDG accumulates avidly in tumor tissue, fusing FDG PET to whole-body MRI allows good anatomy-based evaluation of disease.
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The purpose of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with radiation dose in cardiac CT imaging and explain the current methods for dose reduction. ⋯ Advances in CT technology have resulted in a significant increase in cardiac CT applications. It is imperative that the radiologist understand the resulting dose implication to the patient and actively engage in optimal protocol design to achieve adequate image quality with patient dose reduction in mind.
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Chest radiography is the first-line imaging examination for assessment of thoracic polytrauma, serving to evaluate the extent of injury and facilitate early triage to observation, further imaging, or immediate surgical intervention. The objective of this article is to review the spectrum of injuries that occur in the chest and upper abdomen after blunt and penetrating trauma. Pathophysiology, imaging findings, and management recommendations will be discussed for injuries to the chest wall, diaphragm, pleura, lungs, mediastinum, heart, aorta, and great vessels. ⋯ Chest radiography plays an important role in the initial evaluation of blunt and penetrating chest trauma, providing rapid imaging information to supplement the history and physical examination. In the emergency department, familiarity with the spectrum of injuries that can occur in the chest and upper abdomen is important for accurate interpretation of chest radiographs as well as establishment of appropriate recommendations for management and follow-up.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Feb 2009
ReviewCT diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia from various causes.
Acute mesenteric ischemia can be caused by various conditions such as arterial occlusion, venous occlusion, strangulating obstruction, and hypoperfusion associated with nonocclusive vascular disease, and the CT findings vary widely depending on the cause and underlying pathophysiology. The aim of this article is to review the CT appearances of acute mesenteric ischemia in various conditions. ⋯ Recognition of characteristic CT appearances and the variations associated with each cause may help in the accurate interpretation of CT in the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia.