AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Aug 1994
ReviewLymphoproliferative disorders of the lung: histopathology, clinical manifestations, and imaging features.
The lymphoproliferative disorders represent a spectrum of lymphoid abnormalities that can involve the chest. Plasma cell granuloma, pseudolymphoma, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis involve the pulmonary parenchyma, whereas Castleman's disease, infectious mononucleosis, and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia involve intrathoracic lymph nodes. Recent immunohistochemical techniques give us a better understanding of the lymphoproliferative disorders. Clinical and radiologic features often allow differentiation of the lymphoproliferative disorders from the more common aggressive lymphomas.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Aug 1994
ReviewThe role of sonography in the placement and management of jugular and subclavian central venous catheters.
Placement of large-bore central venous catheters via a jugular or subclavian vein is becoming increasingly common. Although the great majority of these catheters are successfully placed by clinicians using anatomic landmark techniques, this procedure is neither innocuous nor always successful. ⋯ The patient may experience considerable discomfort when multiple needle passes are made. Sonographic imaging of the jugular and subclavian veins can significantly improve the safety, speed, and comfort of the procedure by defining the vascular anatomy of the jugular and subclavian veins before puncture, showing complications from prior attempts or placements of central venous catheters in these vessels, and providing guidance for needle puncture of the jugular and subclavian veins.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Apr 1994
ReviewProliferative and constrictive bronchiolitis: classification and radiologic features.
The small airways of the lung consist of the terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts. A recently introduced pathologic classification system divides bronchiolitis into proliferative and constrictive types. ⋯ Proliferative bronchiolitis is characterized by air-space opacification, whereas constrictive bronchiolitis tends to be associated with lobular areas of decreased attenuation and airway dilatation. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the radiographic and CT features of these two varieties of bronchiolitis.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Apr 1994
ReviewCT of the lung in patients with pulmonary emphysema: diagnosis, quantification, and correlation with pathologic and physiologic findings.
Pulmonary emphysema is a pathologic diagnosis. However, the diagnosis can be made with relative certainty on the basis of clinical and radiologic criteria. ⋯ Additionally, features of other obstructive lung diseases may overlap. From the clinician's standpoint, the main value of differentiating between emphysema and other obstructive diseases of the airways (e.g., asthma and chronic bronchitis) is to (1) establish a prognosis and (2) guide the use of corticosteroid therapy by defining the degree of reversibility that can be expected in patients with limitation in air flow.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Aug 1993
ReviewPlacement and management of long-term central venous access catheters and ports.
Recent developments in long-term central venous access devices, access techniques, and the management of complications are described. Factors used in selecting a device include the intensity and frequency of therapy and the preferences of the patient. Implantable ports and external catheters are available with valved (Groshong) and nonvalved catheters and with single or multiple lumens. ⋯ An infected catheter can be diagnosed without catheter removal by comparison of quantitative blood cultures from the catheter and peripheral vein. Early recognition of catheter-related infection may save the catheter. Removal of an infected catheter depends on the nature of the offending agent, severity of infection, success of treatment, and degree of difficulty in obtaining alternative access.