Irish journal of medical science
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Multicenter Study
Head and neck injury in major trauma in Ireland: a multicentre retrospective analysis of patterns and surgical workload.
Head and neck injuries are common in major trauma patients, but the prevalence is poorly documented in the literature. This study aims to investigate this further, particularly in the context of increasing development of Irish and European trauma systems. ⋯ A substantial number of Irish major trauma patients of all ages and genders sustain some form of head and neck injury. It produces significant injury and surgical workload involving input from multiple disciplines.
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Several studies have shown a reduction in the rate of thromboembolic events with LMWH thromboprophylaxis in patients immobilised in lower limb cast. However, the literature is limited on the use of rivaroxaban in this setting. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the associated impact of rivaroxaban on the incidence of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients with lower limb cast immobilisation. ⋯ This study has shown that rivaroxaban is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of VTEs in patients with lower limb cast immobilisation without increasing the risk of bleeding or associated untoward effect. Lower limb immobilisation is high risk factor for VTE per se. However, there is still limited data in the literature to make further recommendations.
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The gingivitis treatment protocols aim to stop the progression of inflammation and prevent the affliction of deeper periodontal tissues. Current research focuses on novel methods that can be applied with handheld and ultrasonic devices to increase the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Ozone has been shown to have a strong antimicrobial effect against bacteria that play a role in the etiology of gingival/periodontal diseases. Research evaluating the effects of ozone gas on the treatment of gingival tissues is limited. ⋯ Additional studies comparing the effect of ozone therapy on smokers and non-smokers to the effects of oral mouthwashes may provide valuable contributions to the field.
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Flexible cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder carcinoma. Most flexible cystoscopes feature a working channel allowing for bladder biopsy and diathermy if a suspicious lesion is observed. However, the working channel permits only small instruments which limit the volume of material retrieved for histological analysis. There are no published standards for quality control of biopsy specimens taken at flexible cystoscopy. We reviewed the diagnostic yield of biopsies taken at flexible cystoscopy at our institution. ⋯ Approximately 18% of biopsies detected malignancy. While only small volumes of tissue are collected at flexible cystoscopy, these can help to distinguish malignancy from benign pathology. Our institution reports a non-diagnostic rate of approximately 11%, and in these cases, when there is still a suspicion of malignancy, a rigid cystoscopy and biopsy should be performed.
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This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes and risk factors of anxiety and depression, as well as their values in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurrence in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. ⋯ Anxiety and depression are common and progress sustainably with female, diabetes, and higher Gensini score as their independent risk factors; meanwhile, depression but not anxiety may predict increased accumulating MACE occurrence in CHD patients.