Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Review Meta AnalysisPersonalised eHealth interventions in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Given that many existing electronic health (eHealth) interventions with a general approach have limited effects, a personalised approach is necessary. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalised eHealth interventions in reducing body weight and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We searched seven databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until September 6, 2018. ⋯ Egger's regression asymmetry test suggested no evidence of publication bias (p = .458). Using meta-regression we found evidence that a statistically significant impact of age and year of publication on the effectiveness of intervention. The overall evidence grade of outcomes ranged from very low to low, hence future trials should use well-designed RCTs.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialThe impact of front-of-package claims, fruit images, and health warnings on consumers' perceptions of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks: Three randomized experiments.
We aimed to examine the impact of claims, fruit images, and health warnings on consumers' perceptions of fruit-flavored drinks with added sugar (i.e., "fruit drinks"). We conducted three 2x2x2 randomized experiments with online convenience samples of U. S. adults (Study 1 n = 2139 in 2018, current e-cigarette users and smokers; Study 2 n = 670 in 2018, current e-cigarette users; Study 3 n = 1006 in 2019, general sample). ⋯ In Study 3, the "100% Vitamin C" nutrition claim only increased perceived product healthfulness when the drink did not also have a health warning (interaction p < .05). These findings suggest that 100% Vitamin C claims increase the appeal of fruit drinks, whereas health warnings decrease the appeal. Together, these studies support policies to restrict marketing and require health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverage packaging.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Sexual orientation-related disparities in healthcare access in three cohorts of U.S. adults.
The objective of this study was to quantify sexual orientation differences in insurance access, healthcare utilization, and unmet needs for care. We analyzed cross-sectional data from three longitudinal U. S.-based cohorts (N = 31,172) of adults ages 20-54 years in the Growing Up Today Studies 1 and 2 and the Nurses' Health Study 3 from 2015 to 2019. ⋯ For example, mostly heterosexual women were more likely than completely heterosexual women to delay care due to perceiving symptoms as not serious enough, while gay men were less likely than lesbian women to delay for this reason. Findings indicate that sexual minorities experience disparities in unmet needs for and continuity of care. Provider education should be attentive to how perceptions, like perceived severity, can shape healthcare access in tandem with socioeconomic barriers.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Informal caregiving and physical activity among 204,315 adults in 38 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study.
Data on the association between informal caregiving and physical activity (PA) levels are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, previous research has yielded conflicting results. Thus, we investigated this association in adults from 38 LMICs. ⋯ Engagement in greater number of caregiving activities was associated with lower odds for low PA dose-dependently. Informal caregiving was associated with higher levels of PA in adults in LMICs. Future studies of longitudinal design are warranted to understand causality and the underlying mechanisms of this association.