Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Review Meta AnalysisPersonalised eHealth interventions in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Given that many existing electronic health (eHealth) interventions with a general approach have limited effects, a personalised approach is necessary. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalised eHealth interventions in reducing body weight and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We searched seven databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until September 6, 2018. ⋯ Egger's regression asymmetry test suggested no evidence of publication bias (p = .458). Using meta-regression we found evidence that a statistically significant impact of age and year of publication on the effectiveness of intervention. The overall evidence grade of outcomes ranged from very low to low, hence future trials should use well-designed RCTs.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
Review Meta AnalysisPersonalised eHealth interventions in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Given that many existing electronic health (eHealth) interventions with a general approach have limited effects, a personalised approach is necessary. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalised eHealth interventions in reducing body weight and identify the effective key features of such interventions. We searched seven databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until September 6, 2018. ⋯ Egger's regression asymmetry test suggested no evidence of publication bias (p = .458). Using meta-regression we found evidence that a statistically significant impact of age and year of publication on the effectiveness of intervention. The overall evidence grade of outcomes ranged from very low to low, hence future trials should use well-designed RCTs.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
ReviewPrescription opioid misuse among adolescents and emerging adults in the United States: A scoping review.
The U. S. opioid epidemic is a critical public health problem. As substance use and misuse typically begin in adolescence and emerging adulthood, there is a critical need for prevention efforts for this key developmental period to disrupt opioid misuse trajectories, reducing morbidity and mortality [e.g., overdose, development of opioid use disorders (OUD)]. ⋯ Despite annual national surveys conducted, longitudinal studies examining markers of initiation and escalation of prescription opioid misuse (e.g., repeated overdoses, time to misuse) are lacking. Importantly, few evidence-based prevention or early intervention programs were identified. Future research should examine longitudinal trajectories of POM, as well as adaptation and implementation of promising prevention approaches.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
ReviewPrescription opioid misuse among adolescents and emerging adults in the United States: A scoping review.
The U. S. opioid epidemic is a critical public health problem. As substance use and misuse typically begin in adolescence and emerging adulthood, there is a critical need for prevention efforts for this key developmental period to disrupt opioid misuse trajectories, reducing morbidity and mortality [e.g., overdose, development of opioid use disorders (OUD)]. ⋯ Despite annual national surveys conducted, longitudinal studies examining markers of initiation and escalation of prescription opioid misuse (e.g., repeated overdoses, time to misuse) are lacking. Importantly, few evidence-based prevention or early intervention programs were identified. Future research should examine longitudinal trajectories of POM, as well as adaptation and implementation of promising prevention approaches.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2020
ReviewPredictive value of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in older people: A systematic review.
With increasing age, associations between traditional risk factors (TRFs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) shift. It is unknown which mid-life risk factors remain relevant predictors for CVD in older people. We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE on August 16th 2019 for studies assessing predictive ability of >1 of fourteen TRFs for fatal and non-fatal CVD, in the general population aged 60+. ⋯ SBP, HDL cholesterol and smoking may also have predictive value. Other blood pressure and cholesterol related variables, BMI, and LVH seem of very limited or no additional value. Without competing risk analysis, predictors are overestimated.