Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2023
ReviewPrimary prevention interventions for adults at-risk of obesity: An international scoping review.
The number of adults experiencing obesity continues to rise. A significant amount of research has addressed primary prevention interventions within pediatric populations to minimize the onset of obesity. However, research efforts within adult populations have commonly emphasized secondary and tertiary prevention for obesity. ⋯ The following themes were revealed through this review: (1) participants were usually female and homogenous; (2) studies frequently occurred outside of the United States; (3) studies most often explored unimodal interventions; (4) dieticians and nurses were the most common intervention providers; and (5) favorable outcomes for reducing weight were demonstrated across studies. This scoping review reveals that primary prevention interventions have the potential to minimize obesity onset in at-risk adult populations. However, evaluation of current interventions shows multiple gaps in population target, intervention origin, intervention type, and provider type.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2023
ReviewPrimary prevention interventions for adults at-risk of obesity: An international scoping review.
The number of adults experiencing obesity continues to rise. A significant amount of research has addressed primary prevention interventions within pediatric populations to minimize the onset of obesity. However, research efforts within adult populations have commonly emphasized secondary and tertiary prevention for obesity. ⋯ The following themes were revealed through this review: (1) participants were usually female and homogenous; (2) studies frequently occurred outside of the United States; (3) studies most often explored unimodal interventions; (4) dieticians and nurses were the most common intervention providers; and (5) favorable outcomes for reducing weight were demonstrated across studies. This scoping review reveals that primary prevention interventions have the potential to minimize obesity onset in at-risk adult populations. However, evaluation of current interventions shows multiple gaps in population target, intervention origin, intervention type, and provider type.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2023
ReviewPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) - A challenging manifestation of atherosclerosis.
The diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is not always evident as symptoms and signs may show great variation. As all grades of PAD are linked to both an increased risk for cardiovascular complications and adverse limb events, awareness of the condition and knowledge about diagnostic measures, prevention and treatment is crucial. This article presents in a condensed form information on PAD and its management.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2023
ReviewThe impacts of COVID-19 on immigrants and the healthy immigrant effect: Reflections from Canada.
Discussions about potential long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant health and the healthy immigrant effect (HIE) remain unaddressed. Drawing on Canada as a case study, we summarize the primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 on immigrants. We find that recent and female immigrants as well refugees have fared far worse than either their more established and male counterparts or the Canadian-born population. ⋯ We highlight two structural conditions induced by the pandemic that may alter the health profile of immigrants; namely, immigration policy and delayed medical treatments. Reflections on the requisite data for monitoring and tracking the overall impact of COVID-19 on immigrants' health are included. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the Canadian patterns and its potential relevance to immigrants and the HIE in the United States.