Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of minimally supervised home and community exercise interventions in improving physical activity, body adiposity and quality of life in adults living with HIV.
People living with HIV (PLWH) are physically inactive and risk cardiometabolic dysfunction. Home and community exercise (HCE) is pragmatic, cost-effective and improves health in varied chronic conditions. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of minimally supervised HCE for physical activity (PA), adiposity, quality of life (QoL), and other physical and psychological health indices for PLWH. ⋯ Minimally supervised HCE can improve PA, body fat, physical QoL and other health indices in PLWH.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEvaluating the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
One of the main barriers to smoking cessation support is accessibility. Mailout supports can potentially mitigate access barriers, but their effectiveness has not been explored. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support. ⋯ Mailout smoking cessation support improves quitting, especially when interventions include NRT and delivered for longer than 12 weeks. While further research is needed to refine implementation strategies, mailout smoking cessation supports are effective and have potential to reduce access barriers.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisCancer mortality among solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To evaluate the cancer mortality risk among solid organ transplant recipients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⋯ Solid organ transplant recipients face significantly higher cancer mortality risks than the general population, highlighting the need for targeted cancer screening and interventions, especially for female solid organ transplant recipients from East Asia.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Assessing the association between cigarette smoking and blood C-reactive protein levels using restructured cohort data.
Cigarette smoke exposure is known to induce inflammation, leading to elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Despite extensive research on this relationship, longitudinal studies are limited. We aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoke exposure and WBC count and CRP levels by restructuring community cohort data. ⋯ In a community cohort, cigarette smoking was associated with elevated WBC count. However, CRP levels did not consistently reflect inflammation associated with cigarette smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
ReviewAn atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. ⋯ Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.