Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisEvaluating the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
One of the main barriers to smoking cessation support is accessibility. Mailout supports can potentially mitigate access barriers, but their effectiveness has not been explored. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of mailout smoking cessation support. ⋯ Mailout smoking cessation support improves quitting, especially when interventions include NRT and delivered for longer than 12 weeks. While further research is needed to refine implementation strategies, mailout smoking cessation supports are effective and have potential to reduce access barriers.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisCancer mortality among solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
To evaluate the cancer mortality risk among solid organ transplant recipients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⋯ Solid organ transplant recipients face significantly higher cancer mortality risks than the general population, highlighting the need for targeted cancer screening and interventions, especially for female solid organ transplant recipients from East Asia.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
ReviewAn atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. ⋯ Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Life-period associations of body mass index with adult carotid intima-media thickness: The Bogalusa Heart Study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Child and adult body mass index (BMI) associates with adult carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT). However, the relative contribution of BMI at different life-periods on adult cIMT has not been quantified. This study aimed to determine the life-course model that best explains the relative contribution of BMI at different life-periods (childhood, adolescence, and young-adulthood) on cIMT in adulthood. ⋯ Although our data suggest sensitive periods in the life-course where prevention and intervention aimed at reducing BMI might provide most benefit in limiting the effects of BMI on cIMT, maintaining lower BMI across the life-course appears to be optimal.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Assessing the association between cigarette smoking and blood C-reactive protein levels using restructured cohort data.
Cigarette smoke exposure is known to induce inflammation, leading to elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Despite extensive research on this relationship, longitudinal studies are limited. We aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoke exposure and WBC count and CRP levels by restructuring community cohort data. ⋯ In a community cohort, cigarette smoking was associated with elevated WBC count. However, CRP levels did not consistently reflect inflammation associated with cigarette smoking.