Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
ReviewDriving towards obesity: a systematized literature review on the association between motor vehicle travel time and distance and weight status in adults.
Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with adverse health outcomes. Over-reliance on private motor vehicles for transportation is a potential contributor to the obesity epidemic. The objective of this study was to review evidence on the relationship between motor vehicle travel distance and time and weight status among adults. ⋯ Multilevel interventions that make alternatives to driving private motor vehicles more convenient, such as walking and cycling, are needed to promote healthy weight in the adult population.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
ReviewAligning health information technologies with effective service delivery models to improve chronic disease care.
Healthcare reforms in the United States, including the Affordable Care and HITECH Acts, and the NCQA criteria for the Patient Centered Medical Home have promoted health information technology (HIT) and the integration of general medical and mental health services. These developments, which aim to improve chronic disease care, have largely occurred in parallel, with little attention to the need for coordination. In this article, the fundamental connections between HIT and improvements in chronic disease management are explored. We use the evidence-based collaborative care model as an example, with attention to health literacy improvement for supporting patient engagement in care. ⋯ HIT, and particularly mobile health, can enhance collaborative care interventions, and thus improve the health of individuals and populations when deployed in integrated delivery systems.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Review Meta AnalysisTelehealth interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To assess the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adult patients in community settings. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in reducing overall CVD risk. More studies are needed that consistently measure overall CVD risk, directly compare different telehealth interventions, and determine cost effectiveness of telehealth interventions for prevention of CVD.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Review Meta AnalysisTelehealth interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To assess the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adult patients in community settings. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in reducing overall CVD risk. More studies are needed that consistently measure overall CVD risk, directly compare different telehealth interventions, and determine cost effectiveness of telehealth interventions for prevention of CVD.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Review Meta AnalysisImproving diet and physical activity to reduce population prevalence of overweight and obesity: an overview of current evidence.
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of interventions to reduce or prevent overweight or obesity and improve diet or physical activity. ⋯ Various individually targeted interventions were shown to reduce body weight, although effect sizes were typically modest, and the durability of effects has been questioned. New approaches to evaluating population-based interventions, such as taxes and regulation, are recommended. Future research modelling the long-term effects of interventions across the lifespan would also be beneficial.