Annals of nutrition & metabolism
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Association between physical activity in obese pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes: the UPBEAT pilot study.
Obesity in pregnancy is associated with fetal macrosomia, a raised neonatal fat mass and an increased risk of obesity and poor metabolic health in childhood which persists into adulthood. The offspring of obese women are more likely to be obese than the offspring of lean women when they become pregnant themselves, perpetuating a cycle of obesity and its associated negative metabolic consequences. Increasing physical activity during pregnancy could improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of maternal and offspring adverse outcomes. The UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT) is a trial of a complex intervention designed to improve pregnancy outcomes through dietary changes and physical activity. Data from the pilot trial of 183 women were available for analysis. The relationship between the time spent at different physical activity levels and maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes was examined. ⋯ No difference was detected in objectively measured physical activity between women randomised to the intervention and control arms of the UPBEAT pilot trial. Light-intensity physical activity was lower in early pregnancy in women who delivered macrosomic infants. Maternal sedentary time at 35-36 weeks' gestation was positively associated and moderate-intensity physical activity was inversely associated with neonatal abdominal circumference. Maternal physical activity is associated with infant birth weight and abdominal circumference and is an appropriate target for intervention to improve infant outcomes. The challenge remains to develop an effective intervention to support obese pregnant women to be physically active.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparative effects of carbohydrate versus fat restriction on serum levels of adipocytokines, markers of inflammation, and endothelial function among women with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial.
Despite the efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets in the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS), it remains unknown if these favorable effects are mediated through changes in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate substitution of dietary fats for carbohydrates on serum levels of adipocytokines, inflammatory indices, and biomarkers of endothelial function among women with the MetS. ⋯ Partial replacement of dietary carbohydrates by unsaturated fats prevents the increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation among women with the MetS.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenoreceptor gene (Trp64Arg polymorphism) and its influence on anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance under a high monounsaturated versus a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet.
The aim of our study was to investigate the role of Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated fat versus a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. ⋯ The metabolic effect of weight reduction by the two hypocaloric diets is greatest in subjects with the normal homozygous beta 3-AR gene. Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and HOMA-R levels were better than in the heterozygous group.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging health problem worldwide. No study specifically examining the relationship between serum uric acid level (UA) and NAFLD in females according to menopausal status has been reported. We conducted this study in order to assess the association of UA with NAFLD in pre- and postmenopausal women. ⋯ UA within the normal range showed an association with NAFLD, not in premenopausal women, but in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with increased levels of serum uric acid were more likely to have NAFLD than those without increased levels.
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The follow-up of the ECLIPSE study, a prospective longitudinal study to identify and define parameters that predict disease progression over 3 years in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allows the examination of the effect of body composition changes on COPD-related outcomes. ⋯ Changes in body composition over 3 years were small and comparable in COPD patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, muscle mass decline in underweight and fat mass increase in overweight/obese patients is associated with worsening health status. Overweight is associated with decreased mortality, but muscle mass and fat mass decline are detrimental for mortality.