Annals of nutrition & metabolism
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The effect of immunonutrition in patients undergoing hepatectomy remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of immunonutrition on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy. ⋯ Given its positive impact on postoperative complications and the tendency to shorten the length of hospital stay, perioperative immunonutrition should be encouraged in patients undergoing hepatectomy.
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The obesity pandemic has been paralleled by a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD). There is growing epidemiological evidence linking low vitamin D status with obesity events. In addition, observational studies also show that obesity may increase the risk of VDD. However, there is insufficient knowledge to understand whether there is a causality between the two. Moreover, the impact of vitamin D supplementation on obesity indices has shown inconsistent outcomes. ⋯ Overall, supplementation with vitamin D produced no significant effect on the BMI, WC or WHR of healthy adults.
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Review Practice Guideline
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Paediatric Age: A Position Paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group.
Health risks associated with the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) include overweight or obesity and their complications such as diabetes, as well as oral and dental decay, among others. ⋯ Consumption of SSB by children and adolescents should be limited, and the consumption of water and other non-sweetened beverages should be promoted. Educational institutions such as nurseries, pre-schools and schools should offer unlimited access to drinking water, whereas the sale of SSBs should be banned.
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Computed tomography (CT)-assessed sarcopenia indexes have been reported to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality; however conclusions drawn from different indexes and studies remain controversial. ⋯ All commonly used CT-assessed sarcopenia indexes, such as SMI, PMI, MA, and IMAC can predict the risk of major postoperative complications; however, a consensus on the cutoffs for these indexes to define sarcopenia is still lacking.
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The worldwide increase in temperature has resulted in a marked increase in heat waves (heat extremes) that carries a markedly increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The kidney has a unique role not only in protecting the host from heat and dehydration but also is an important site of heat-associated disease. Here we review the potential impact of global warming and heat extremes on kidney diseases. ⋯ Heat stress and dehydration also has a role in kidney stone formation, and poor hydration habits may increase the risk for recurrent urinary tract infections. The resultant social and economic consequences include disability and loss of productivity and employment. Given the rise in world temperatures, there is a major need to better understand how heat stress can induce kidney disease, how best to provide adequate hydration, and ways to reduce the negative effects of chronic heat exposure.