The American journal of emergency medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
Vapocoolant spray versus placebo spray/no treatment for reducing pain from intravenous cannulation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Intravenous cannulation is a routine procedure in hospitalized patients, and pain can occur during the cannulation process. Vapocoolant spray is an advantageous analgesic alternative for intravenous cannula insertion. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggests that vapocoolant spray significantly decreased pain during intravenous cannulation when compared with placebo spray or no treatment in both adults and children. We recommend the use of vapocoolant spray during intravenous cannulation to decrease pain. Future research may help to unify pain measurement standards. Patients' anxiety due to spray and technical ease of the attempt should be explored in future research.
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Meta Analysis
Association of serum biomarkers with outcomes of cardiac arrest patients undergoing ECMO.
Recently, a series of studies have been conducted to investigate the association of the common biochemical biomarkers, such as serum lactate and creatinine, with clinical outcomes in cardiac arrest patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), however, the results were not consistent and the sample size of primary studies is limited. In the present study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the associations. ⋯ High serum lactate level was associated with poor survival and poor neurological outcome in CA patients treated with ECMO. Further well-designed studies with larger sample size should be conducted to confirm the results.