The American journal of emergency medicine
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To compare the effectiveness and safety of ketamine and morphine in adult patients with acute pain in emergency department (ED) by using a meta-analysis method. ⋯ Ketamine had better analgesic effects in the early stages after treatment, while morphine maintained more durable effects. Compared with morphine, ketamine had a lower incidence of adverse events requiring intervention. The results of subgroup analysis showed that intravenous administration of ketamine was more effective than intranasal administration.