The American journal of emergency medicine
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Comparative Study
Cricothyrotomy performed by prehospital personnel: a comparison of two techniques in a human cadaver model.
Little is known about the proficiency of prehospital personnel when performing cricothyrotomies. The authors compared two techniques for establishing an airway through the cricothyroid membrane used by paramedic students. One technique used a prepackaged kit that consisted of a dilator that is passed percutaneously through a breakaway needle. ⋯ Similar, statistically significant differences for insertion time and ease of insertion were again found. Prehospital personnel can be trained to perform cricothyrotomies with a reasonable degree of proficiency. A traditional surgical approach, however, may be faster and less difficult to perform than a comparable procedure using a commercially available percutaneous device.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine factors associated with survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, including effects of 911 Emergency Medical Services telephone access and the age of patient. Subjects included 1,753 prehospital cardiac arrest patients in Iowa. ⋯ This association was partially the result of the significant association of 911 with decreased time from collapse to call for help, decreased time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and decreased time to first shock (if in ventricular fibrillation [VF]). Younger age was significantly associated with survival in univariate analyses (8.94% versus 6.26% survival for younger versus older age groups, respectively), but this was not an independent association, which is indicated by the lack of significance of age in the multivariate model.
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Having previously described some of the attitudes of health care providers toward resuscitation for themselves, based on an individual's beliefs about the likelihood of success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the differences among attitudes of physicians at different levels of training have now been assessed. A multi-question survey was sent to medical students, house officers, and attending physicians at two university medical centers. Sociodemographic information, questions regarding beliefs about outcome after CPR, and personal desires were included. ⋯ Approximately 186 questionnaires were evaluated and consisted of 90 by medical students (MS), 67 by house officers (HOs), and 29 by attending physicians (APs). Resuscitation desires for each diagnosis were MC, 7 of 40; ESRD, 8 of 34; AIDS, 10 of 74; sepsis, 10 of 15; and MI, 20 of 23. chi 2 test for trend of desire to be resuscitated from the self-selected worst prognostic category by level of training demonstrated no significant decrease in desire to be resuscitated with increasing level of training. Physician's beliefs about CPR may be influenced by their experiences with particular patients and events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative Study
An evaluation of automated defibrillation and manual defibrillation by emergency medical technicians in a rural setting.
We show that automated external defibrillation training of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) is less time consuming than manual defibrillation training, and hypothesize that both improve survival from sudden cardiac death. Data on 91 cardiac arrests over 27 months among five basic life support services was collected before EMT-defibrillation (EMT-D) training. Subsequently, seven BLS services were trained in EMT-D using either manual difibrillation or automated external defibrillation technology, and 55 sudden cardiac death patients were entered after training. ⋯ We recommend automated external defibrillation training for EMTs. Improved survival in sudden cardiac death cases in well-run emergency medical service systems should result from EMT-D training. Finally, we recommend that routine "surveillance" of high-risk patients during transport by defibrillation-capable EMTs be considered in EMT-D programs, rather than limiting EMT-D only to units capable of rapid "man-down" response.
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Injuries to the nasal septum may occur as a result of injuries to the nose. A case of nasal septal abscess, an unusual complication of nasal trauma, is presented. The pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment of this disorder are discussed. This case demonstrates the need for careful evaluation of the nasal septum in all cases of nasal trauma.