Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Haemodynamic comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia in surgical patients.
To compare the haemodynamic responses to surgical incision during sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia and to compare the haemodynamic effects of each anaesthetic alone with those obtained using an equipotent mixture of each anaesthetic plus N2O during steady-state surgical stimulation. ⋯ At 1.5 MAC, sevoflurane and isoflurane do not prevent the haemodynamic response to incision. The haemodynamic effects of each volatile anaesthetic with N2O are minimal compared with those of equi-MAC volatile alone.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Intravenous dolasetron mesilate ameliorates postoperative nausea and vomiting.
To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dolasetron mesilate with placebo for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ⋯ Single doses of dolasetron mesilate iv, given after the first episode of PONV, were both effective and safe in this adult patient population.
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Numerous investigators have estimated gastric fluid volume using blind aspiration through multi-orificed catheters, but none have confirmed the validity of this technique in infants and children. We sought to validate the accuracy of this technique in a fasted paediatric population by using gastroscopy. Data from several studies were then combined to generate a gastric fluid volume frequency distribution for healthy paediatric patients fasted for surgery. ⋯ Blind aspiration of gastric contents accurately estimates gastric fluid volume for paediatric patients fasted for surgery. Population estimates for gastric fluid volume in otherwise healthy fasted paediatric patients are shown.
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Cocaine use is epidemic in the developed world, resulting in numerous patients presenting for surgery and anaesthesia with a history of chronic cocaine exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic cocaine exposure on the cardiovascular response to isoflurane general anaesthesia. ⋯ Although chronic cocaine exposure has been shown to increase isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration by 25% in sheep; chronic cocaine exposure does not result in tolerance of the cardiovascular depression produced by isoflurane.
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This study examined in an animal model whether intrathecal midazolam, alone or with fentanyl, can achieve anaesthesia sufficient for laparotomy, comparable to lidocaine. Effects on consciousness and whether anaesthesia was segmental were also examined. The haemodynamic and respiratory changes were compared with those of intrathecal lidocaine or intrathecal fentanyl alone. ⋯ Midazolam, when injected intrathecally, produces reversible, segmental, spinally mediated antinociception, sufficient to provide balanced anaesthesia for abdominal surgery.