American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Health Warnings and Purchases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Five U.S. states have proposed policies to require health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages, but warnings' effects on actual purchase behavior remain uncertain. This study evaluated the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases. ⋯ Brief exposure to health warnings reduced sugar-sweetened beverage purchases in this naturalistic RCT. Sugar-sweetened beverage health warning policies could discourage sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
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Globally, chronic noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death and accounted for 6 million deaths in India in 2016. However, the extent to which variation in chronic disease can be attributed to different population levels in India is unknown, as is whether variation in individual-level factors explains outcome variation at different population levels. ⋯ These findings imply that household- and village-level factors explain substantial variation in the prevalence of chronic disease symptoms and reported diagnoses in India.
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Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in preterm birth is a priority for U.S. public health programs. The study objective was to quantify the relative contribution of geographic, sociodemographic, and health determinants to the black, non-Hispanic and white, non-Hispanic preterm birth disparity. ⋯ These findings demonstrate that the known portion of the disparity in preterm birth is driven by sociodemographic and preconception/prenatal health factors. Public health programs to enhance social support and preconception care, specifically focused on hypertension, may provide an efficient approach for reducing the racial gap in preterm birth.
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Multicenter Study
Nonadherence Labeling in Primary Care: Bias by Race and Insurance Type for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Little is known about how provider bias can influence nonadherence labeling. Therefore, a retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to assess the risk of patients with Type 2 diabetes being labeled nonadherent by sociodemographic factors. ⋯ Black race and nonprivate insurance status were shown to be associated with increased risk of nonadherence labeling. The findings may indicate a concerning bias among providers in their perception of patient behavior by race and insurance.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between youth exposure to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in smoking initiation. ⋯ Sustained national tobacco public education campaigns like The Real Cost can change population-level smoking initiation among youths, preventing future generations from tobacco-related harms.