American journal of preventive medicine
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Socioeconomically disadvantaged adults have lower engagement in leisure-time physical activity than those who are more affluent. Identification of correlates of physical activity can inform the design of effective interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify consistent correlates of unspecified physical activity and leisure-time physical activity among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults. ⋯ Few factors were consistently associated with either unspecified physical activity or leisure-time physical activity. Based on available evidence, strategies to increase physical activity should consider the needs of, and focus on, those with poor self-rated health and functional capacity and should use strategies to improve physical activity self-efficacy. Strategies to increase leisure-time physical activity should focus on simultaneously addressing leisure-time physical activity and mental health concerns and improving perceptions of physical activity benefits and enjoyment. It is recommended that future studies focus on leisure-time physical activity, focus on men, use longitudinal design, examine variables related to behavioral attributes and skills, and carefully consider and plan recruitment strategies.