Nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Harmonization of anthropometric measurements for a multicenter nutrition survey in Spanish adolescents.
Although the need for accurate anthropometric measurement has been repeatedly stressed, reports on growth and physical measurements in human populations rarely include estimates of measurement error. We describe the standardization process and reliability of anthropometric measurements carried out in a pilot study. ⋯ Our results are in agreement with those recommended in the literature. Therefore, these anthropometric measures seem to be adequate to assess body composition in a multicenter survey in adolescents.
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This paper provides a review of research on partially hydrolyzed guar gum that is relevant to clinical nutrition practice. ⋯ The ease of use of PHGG and its clinical effectiveness make it a good choice in clinical nutrition practice.
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Although the prevalence of obesity is not high in Asian Indians, increased prevalence rates of metabolic perturbations and cardiovascular risk factors have been reported. In this study, we evaluated body mass index (BMI), anthropometric measurements, and body fat profiles of obese and non-obese subjects and correlated those values with cardiovascular risk factors. ⋯ The study showed that Asian Indians have excess cardiovascular risk at BMI and WC values considered "normal." These data suggested that definitions of "normal" ranges of BMI and WC need to be revised for Asian Indians.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Effect of folic acid supplementation on plasma zinc concentrations of young women.
Women of reproductive age are advised to consume supplements or fortified foods containing at least 400 microg/d folic acid for the prevention of neural tubes defects. Concerns exist about the adverse effects of folic acid on zinc status. ⋯ Folic acid supplementation does not reduce plasma zinc concentrations in women of childbearing age.
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Comparative Study
Elevated plasma cholecystokinin and appetitive ratings after consumption of a liquid meal in humans.
This study had two objectives. The first was to evaluate the possibility that, in a previous study, a soup preload augmented the reduction of food intake in a test meal induced by an exogenous infusion of cholecystokinin (CCK) because the soup also endogenously released CCK. The second was to compare CCK release by soup between men and women to determine whether the increased satiating effectiveness of soup in women as opposed to men could have been partly attributable to differences in CCK release. ⋯ A large quantity of tomato soup stimulates significant CCK release; therefore, some of the satiating effects of soup preloads could have been mediated by an elevation in endogenous CCK.