Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Some magnesium status indicators and oxidative metabolism responses to low-dietary magnesium are affected by dietary copper in postmenopausal women.
A study with human volunteers was conducted to ascertain whether a low intake of copper (Cu) would exacerbate the response to a deficient intake of magnesium (Mg). ⋯ The findings indicated that, in short-term magnesium depletion experiments, the response to depletion can be influenced by other dietary factors including copper intake and a high magnesium intake before depletion, and that 100 mg of Mg/d is inadequate for postmenopausal women.
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The aim of the study was to characterize the metabolic changes in non-weight-losing patients with cancer of the bladder and to investigate the effect of tumor stage. The kinetics of glucose, glycerol, and urea metabolism were assessed in 22 weight-stable patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer (tumor stage p T2, n = 14) and 10 patients with benign uterine myoma (controls). ⋯ Patients with bladder cancer had a lower rate of glucose clearance than did control subjects. Lipid metabolism was not affected, whereas urea synthesis rate was elevated in cancer patients. However, when expressed per kilogram of fat-free body mass, no difference in protein breakdown could be observed. The tumor stage had no effect on glucose, lipid, or protein metabolism.
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The present study investigated the effects of phytosterols (PS) in combination with diacylglycerol (DAG) versus PS in combination with triacylglycerol (TAG) on serum lipids and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. ⋯ These findings suggested that PS in combination with DAG as opposed to TAG prevents the development of atherosclerosis via a decrease in total cholesterol exposure level and might be useful as a dietary oil for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Comparative Study
Histopathologic effects of lipid content of enteral solutions after pulmonary aspiration in rats.
We compared the pulmonary histopathologic effects of different enteral formulas with various lipid contents during the subacute period of aspiration in rats. ⋯ The pulmonary histopathologic effects of aspiration of Impact were severe peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration (greater than aspiration of Biosorb and Pulmocare), abundant alveolar histiocytes, and alveolar edema in comparison with aspiration of saline, even though Impact had the lowest lipid content of all studied formulas. We concluded that the tissue damage occurring after pulmonary aspiration of Impact is more severe than after aspiration of Pulmocare.
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Exercise markedly increases oxygen uptake by active muscles and consequently increases generation of reactive oxygen species. A dietary deficiency in selenium (Se) can increase the sensitivity of the living system to oxidative stress. delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are sulfhydryl-containing enzymes, and their activities are sensitive to the presence of oxidizing agents. We investigated the effect of Se deficiency and supplementation on delta-ALA-D, SDH, and LDH activities in mice subjected to swim training for 8 wk. ⋯ These results indicated that exercise associated with dietary Se deficiency can inhibit the production of thiol-containing enzymes, delta-ALA-D and SDH, from different tissues; however, LDH activity was not changed. The decrease in enzyme activities can be tentatively attributed to oxidation of thiol groups by the reactive oxygen species produced by exercise.