Nutrition
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We wanted to develop and validate a test that assesses the knowledge and practices of health professionals (HPs) with regard to the role of nutrition, physical activity, and smoking cessation (lifestyle modification) in chronic diseases of lifestyle. ⋯ The results of this study showed that this test instrument identifies groups of health professionals with adequate training (knowledge) in lifestyle modification and those who require further training (knowledge).
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An abnormal fatty acid pattern in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (LC) has been reported in plasma phospholipids and some other tissues. To elucidate the significance of arachidonic acid deficiency on the clinical pathophysiology of LC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed the fatty acid compositions of mononuclear cell phospholipids, plasma alpha-tocopherol, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cirrhotic patients infected with the hepatitis C virus with and without HCC. ⋯ These results suggested that arachidonic acid in mononuclear cells may have an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus associated with cirrhosis and that nutritional management preventing arachidonic acid deficiency may have some beneficial effects on the progression of LC.
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We investigated the effect of gastrointestinal surgery on bone metabolism with special reference to nutrition status and the systemic inflammatory response (SIR). ⋯ Because the amount of excreted D-Pyr reflects the loss of the bone matrix, these results may indicate that bone resorption increases after gastrointestinal surgery. The extent of resorption was parallel to the degree of SIR and nutrition status.
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We investigated the peroxidation potential of fat emulsions in all-in-one solutions (AIOs). ⋯ In AIO bags, LPX occurred within 24 h after the addition of the lipid emulsion and seemed to be directly related to the PUFA content and inversely related to the alpha-tocopherol:PUFA ratio of the emulsion.