Nutrition
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An abnormal fatty acid pattern in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (LC) has been reported in plasma phospholipids and some other tissues. To elucidate the significance of arachidonic acid deficiency on the clinical pathophysiology of LC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed the fatty acid compositions of mononuclear cell phospholipids, plasma alpha-tocopherol, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cirrhotic patients infected with the hepatitis C virus with and without HCC. ⋯ These results suggested that arachidonic acid in mononuclear cells may have an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus associated with cirrhosis and that nutritional management preventing arachidonic acid deficiency may have some beneficial effects on the progression of LC.
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We investigated the effect of gastrointestinal surgery on bone metabolism with special reference to nutrition status and the systemic inflammatory response (SIR). ⋯ Because the amount of excreted D-Pyr reflects the loss of the bone matrix, these results may indicate that bone resorption increases after gastrointestinal surgery. The extent of resorption was parallel to the degree of SIR and nutrition status.
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We investigated the peroxidation potential of fat emulsions in all-in-one solutions (AIOs). ⋯ In AIO bags, LPX occurred within 24 h after the addition of the lipid emulsion and seemed to be directly related to the PUFA content and inversely related to the alpha-tocopherol:PUFA ratio of the emulsion.
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We investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on tumor incidence, apoptosis, eicosanoid formation, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), and fatty acid profiles of colonic mucosa in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats fed different types of dietary fats. ⋯ These results suggested that increased apoptosis by dietary CLA may be attributed, at least in part, to changes in arachidonic acid metabolism in rats. Therefore, CLA may have anticarcinogenic effects by inducing apoptosis through modification of signal transduction in colonic mucosal cells.
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Lycopene, a nutritional antioxidant, was evaluated for its anticataract potential to further establish its role in cataract prevention. ⋯ Lycopene protects against experimental cataract development by virtue of its antioxidant properties, and it may be useful for prophylaxis or therapy against cataracts.