Nutrition
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Enteral glutamine supplementation and antioxidants have been shown to be beneficial in some categories of critically ill patients. This study investigated the impact on organ function and clinical outcome of an enteral solution enriched with glutamine and antioxidant micronutrients in patients with trauma and with burns. ⋯ The Gln-AOX supplement was well tolerated in critically ill, injured patients, but did not improve outcome significantly. The delivery of glutamine below the 0.5-g/kg recommended dose in association with high intravenous trace element substitution doses in burn patients are likely to have blunted the impact by not reaching an efficient treatment dose. Further trials testing higher doses of Gln are required.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Tolerability and safety of olive oil-based lipid emulsion in critically ill neonates: a blinded randomized trial.
We assessed the safety and tolerability of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion compared with a soybean-based lipid emulsion in critically ill neonates. ⋯ The OO-based emulsion (ClinOleic) was well tolerated in critically ill neonates. Differences in plasma phospholipids at day 5 reflected the fatty acid composition of the administered emulsion. No significant differences in plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels were detected after 5 d of lipid administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of food fortification on nutritional and functional status in frail elderly nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition.
Malnutrition is a frequent problem in the elderly and is associated with an impaired functional status and higher morbidity and mortality. In this study we evaluated the effect of a 12-wk nutritional intervention with fortified food on nutritional and functional status in nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition. ⋯ Standard food in this nursing home provided sufficient energy and macronutrients. Provision of snacks was not effective in increasing energy intake. Although nutritional status improved, functional status did not increase as a consequence. Functional frailty in this study population seems to be influenced more by age-related morbidity and immobilization than by nutritional intake.
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The association of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with the overall dietary pattern and its relation with ethnicity was examined. ⋯ The findings show that ethnicity is a stronger risk factor for T2DM than dietary patterns when energy intake is adjusted for. Reducing energy intake to prevent T2DM deserves more attention during health promotion for the multiethnic population of Hawaii.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Red blood cell metallothionein as an indicator of zinc status during pregnancy.
We describe the levels and patterns of change in red blood cell (RBC) metallothionein (MT) during pregnancy and the neonate and relate RBCMT to other indicators of zinc and iron status. ⋯ Changes in RBCMT throughout pregnancy were consistent with the hypothesized role of MT in regulating zinc homeostasis. RBCMT appears to not be responsive during pregnancy to changes in zinc status achieved with supplements.