Nutrition
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Multicenter Study
Changes in dietary habits and eating practices in adolescents living in urban South Africa: the birth to twenty cohort.
To assess changes in the dietary habits and eating practices of a longitudinal cohort of adolescents over a 5-y period living in Soweto and Johannesburg. ⋯ Poor eating habits in all three environments were found; the participants' propensity for foods that were energy dense and micronutrient poor was high. This study also found that dietary patterns are well established by 13 y of age.
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Multicenter Study
The BASA-ROT table: an arithmetic-hypothetical concept for easy BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted bedside estimation of energy expenditure.
The rule of thumb (ROT) method is used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) at bedside. ROTs are fixed numbers of calories given daily per kilogram of body weight. Textbooks nevertheless indicate that age and body mass index (BMI) affect EE. This should also affect ROTs. We thus scrutinized the impact of BMI, age, and sex on ROTs, compared the results to the often used 25 kcal/kg ROT, and calculated a BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted ROT table containing calories per kilogram in the basal state. ⋯ We found that both BMI and age significantly impacted ROT estimates. Thus, using one single fixed ROT for all patients independent of age and BMI does not seem appropriate. We consequently suggest a calculated table of BMI-, age-, and sex-adjusted ROTs where the results of resting EE were multiplied with 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 and separately listed in the table to account for activity/stress factors.