Nutrition
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We examined the associations between eating behavior at baseline and changes in eating behaviors with weight change, and quantified the contribution of eating behavior and genetic effects on weight change. ⋯ These results suggest that an increase in external eating may predict adult weight gain in men and women. However, the relative contribution of eating behavior to weight change was very small, whereas the contribution of genetic effects on weight change was significant in women.
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The bioaccessibility of bioactives from pistachios has not been previously evaluated. In the present study we quantified the release of polyphenols, xanthophylls (lutein), and tocopherols from pistachios (raw pistachios, roasted salted pistachios, and muffins made with raw pistachios) during simulated human digestion. ⋯ The rapid release of the assayed bioactives in the stomach maximizes the potential for absorption in the duodenum and contributes to the beneficial relation between pistachio consumption and health-related outcomes.
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Comparative Study
Brain lipid composition in rabbits after total parenteral nutrition with two different lipid emulsions.
To study the changes occurring in brain lipid composition after the administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by comparing two lipid emulsions, one with long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) and the other with long-chain and medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT/LCT 50%/50%). ⋯ The lipid emulsions administered in TPN, especially those prepared exclusively with LCT, cause changes in the brain lipid polar fractions of young rabbits.
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Anorexia nervosa (AN) continues to be a refractory disease because of its unknown pathogenesis. The role of adiponectin in AN has not been clarified. Moreover, few reports have described the relations between adiponectin isoforms and AN in the physical and psychological states. Therefore, we measured plasma adiponectin and its isoforms levels in patients with AN to examine their roles in AN. ⋯ Our study indicates that all adiponectin isoforms should be evaluated in patients with AN in addition to total adiponectin. The decreased %HMW and the increased %LMW that were correlated with the body mass index and some components of psychopathology in our patients may indicate a complex role of adiponectin isoforms in maintaining energy homeostasis and emotion during extreme malnourishment.
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We examined whether angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with food preferences in young, normal female subjects. ⋯ The AGT Met235Thr polymorphism was significantly associated with a higher caloric intake owing to total fat and carbohydrate consumption.