Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Glycemic response to carbohydrate and the effects of exercise and protein.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-exercise and protein coingestion on the glycemic response to carbohydrates. ⋯ Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate reduces glycemic response and increases insulinemic response in healthy subjects, whereas pre-exercise seems to have no effect.
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Editorial Comment
Food frequency questionnaires: Small associations and large errors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-term folinic acid supplementation improves vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals: a randomized trial.
HIV-infected individuals present a cluster of conditions that activate or injure the vascular endothelium. The administration of folates may exert beneficial effects on endothelial function in different populations at risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 4 wk of folinic acid supplementation on forearm vascular responses during reactive hyperemia in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy. ⋯ Short-term folinic acid supplementation improved vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals enrolled in the studied. As folate supplementation is safe and relatively inexpensive, long-term clinical trials should be conducted.
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Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis of structured triglyceride versus other lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition.
Structured triglyceride (STG) is a new emulsion synthesized from long-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids bound to the same glycerol backbone. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of STG for parenteral nutrition. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Chinese Biomedicine Database, with the last search done in May 2012. ⋯ STG significantly affected plasma triglycerides (WMD = -0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.29 to -0.01; P = 0.04), plasma glycerol (WMD = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.01-0.41; P = 0.04), free fatty acids (WMD = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.03-0.39; P = 0.02), nitrogen balance (SMD = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.26-1.99; P = 0.01), AST (WMD = -5.97; 95% CI, -7.17 to -4.76; P < 0.00001), and glucose (WMD = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.06; P = 004), but not respiratory quotient, resting energy expenditure, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, cholesterol, serum creatinine, or vital signs. STG is rapidly metabolized without harming the liver, and positively affects nitrogen balance. STG is at least as safe and effective for parenteral nutrition as other triglycerides.
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Recent accumulating evidence shows that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in individuals with AD and PD. The purpose of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in this population of patients. ⋯ The results indicate that despite the similar mean age between patients and healthy controls in each identified study, both AD and PD patients have lower levels of 25(OH)D than controls.