Nutrition
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Recent accumulating evidence shows that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in individuals with AD and PD. The purpose of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in this population of patients. ⋯ The results indicate that despite the similar mean age between patients and healthy controls in each identified study, both AD and PD patients have lower levels of 25(OH)D than controls.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Novel diet for patients with impaired mastication evaluated by consumption rate, nutrition intake, and questionnaire.
"iEat(®)" (EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; study diet), a food product that resembles an ordinary meal in appearance but is cooked to soften, was compared with foods provided to patients with impaired mastication (modified traditional diet) to investigate the influence of the appearance of foods on the consumption rate, dietary nutrition intake, and satisfaction level. ⋯ The study diet has potential to become a new dietary option for patients with impaired mastication.
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Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), are common legumes, consumed worldwide. The delicacy of kidney beans is highly appreciable but, at the same time, their toxicity has raised an alarming concern. Kidney bean toxicity may be divided into two subcategories: toxicity caused by its lectins, saponins, phytates, and protease inhibitors or allergenicity induced by its allergenic proteins. The purpose of this review is to unravel the facts behind the different aspects of toxicity and allergenicity induced by kidney beans and try to fill the gaps that exist currently.
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The hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) is secreted from gut endocrine L cells in response to ingested nutrients. The activities of GLP-1 include stimulating insulin gene expression and biosynthesis, improving β-cell proliferation, exogenesis, and survival. Additionally, it prevents β-cell apoptosis induced by a variety of cytotoxic agents. ⋯ Hormones secreted from the gut including GLP-1, which are involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and secretions, have been found to be affected by nutrient intake. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the effect nutrients may have on GLP-1 secretion; some frequently studied dietary constituents include monounsaturated fatty acids, fructooligosaccharides, and glutamine. This review focuses on the influence that the carbohydrate, fat, and protein components of a meal may have on the GLP-1 postprandial responses.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on aortic distensibility in healthy individuals.
Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCY) levels have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Aortic distensibility and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) are indices of aortic elasticity. The potential effect of acute hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) on the elastic properties of the aorta in healthy individuals is not known. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acute methionine-induced HHCY on aortic distensibility and PWV in healthy individualsand the effect of acute HHCY on myocardial performance of the left ventricle (Tei index). ⋯ Acute methionine-induced HHCY reduces aortic distensibility and worsens myocardial performance in healthy individuals. Further research is warranted to examine in the long term the direct effects of HHCY on cardiovascular function and the indirect effects on structural remodeling.