Nutrition
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The rates of child and adult obesity have increased in most developed countries over the past several decades. The health consequences of obesity affect both physical and mental health, and the excess body weight can be linked to an elevated risk for developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and depression. ⋯ In turn, mother's excess body weight during and after pregnancy can be linked to the risk for offspring overweight and obesity through dietary habits, mode of delivery and feeding, breast milk composition, and through the influence on infant gut microbiota. This review considers current knowledge of these potential mechanisms that threaten to create an intergenerational cycle of obesity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A pilot, randomized controlled trial to examine the health outcomes of raisin consumption in patients with diabetes.
Dried fruits, like their fresh homologues, contain relatively high concentrations of antioxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the health outcomes of raisin consumption on patients with diabetes. ⋯ Our study shows that naturally CR may improve health features in patients with well-controlled T2DM.
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We hypothesize that longitudinal changes in phase angle (PA) have independent associations with changes in inflammatory parameters over time and consequently with long-term survival in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of change in nutritional and inflammatory parameters over time on change in PA and on subsequent mortality in patients on MHD. ⋯ Longitudinal changes in PA appear to be reliable in detecting changes in nutritional and inflammatory parameters over time, a combination that may contribute to the understanding of its prognostic utility.
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There is a relationship between emotional disorders, obesity, and craving for carbohydrates. This relationship complicates the success of treatments aimed at combatting obesity, which is considered to be the epidemic of the twenty-first century. We conducted a review of the neurobiologic basis for carbohydrate craving, with the hope that this understanding will enable the design of more efficient therapeutic strategies. ⋯ The models that integrate motivational systems with palatability and hedonic response studies are the ones that we believe can best explain both craving for carbohydrates and related addictive phenomena. Research has contributed to a greater understanding of the neurobiologic basis of carbohydrate craving. The latter, in turn, contributes to an understanding of the implications, challenges, and possible therapies that might be put in place to cope with this phenomenon.
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Foods sold in packages have both front-of-package (FOP) labels and back-of-package (BOP) labels. The aim of this review is to determine the role they play in informing consumers as to the composition of foods in order to help select a healthy diet. ⋯ Both FOP and BOP food labels used in the United States and Canada need to be redesigned using a traffic light system.